@article {Simula.sc.964,
	title = {Cyclic Plasticity Modelling for ANDES Thin Shell and Line-Spring Finite Elements},
	journal = {International Journal of Applied Mechanics},
	volume = {1},
	number = {1},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {201-233},
	abstract = {This paper presents a proposed methodology to account for cyclic plastic response of the thin shell ANDES and line-spring finite elements. A through thickness integration scheme is employed for the shell element and stress resultant plasticity is used for the line-spring element. A simplified contact formulation to account for crack closure in the line-spring element is also presented. Numerical comparisons between the proposed models and detailed 3D analyses (pipes) are carried out and presented herein. A comparison between the present implementation and large scale experiment of a surface cracked pipe subjected to large cyclic plastic strains is also presented. The purpose of the presented implementation is to account for cyclic loading in pipeline technology where significant amount of plasticity in the loading cycles occurs.},
	doi = {10.1142/S1758825109000101},
	author = {Berg, Espen and Kjell H. {Holthe} and Bj{\o}rn H. {Skallerud}}
}
