@article {26631,
	title = {Efficient Live and On-Demand Tiled HEVC 360 VR Video Streaming},
	journal = {International Journal of Semantic Computing},
	volume = {13},
	number = {3},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {367-391},
	publisher = {World Scientific},
	abstract = {360\&nbsp;panorama video displayed through Virtual reality (VR) glasses or large screens o{\textregistered}ers immersive user experiences, but as such technology becomes commonplace, the need for e{\textpm}cient streaming methods of such high-bitrate videos arises. In this respect, the attention that 360panorama video has received lately is huge. Many methods have already been proposed, and in this paper, we shed more light on the di{\textregistered}erent trade-o{\textregistered}s in order to save bandwidth while preserving the video quality in the user{\textquoteright}s ̄eld-of-view (FoV). Using 360\&nbsp;VR content delivered to a Gear VR head-mounted display with a Samsung Galaxy S7 and to a Huawei Q22 set-top- box, we have tested various tiling schemes analyzing the tile layout, the tiling and encoding overheads, mechanisms for faster quality switching beyond the DASH segment boundaries and quality selection con ̄gurations. In this paper, we present an e{\textpm}cient end-to-end design and real-world implementation of such a 360\&nbsp;streaming system. Furthermore, in addition to researching an on-demand system, we also go beyond the existing on-demand solutions and present a\&nbsp;live\&nbsp;streaming system which strikes a trade-o{\textregistered} between bandwidth usage and the video quality in the user{\textquoteright}s FoV. We have created an architecture that combines RTP and DASH, and our system multiplexes a single HEVC hardware decoder to provide faster quality switching than at the traditional GOP boundaries. We demonstrate the performance and illustrate the trade-o{\textregistered}s through real-world experiments where we can report comparable bandwidth savings to existing on-demand approaches, but with faster quality switches when the FoV changes.},
	author = {Jeppsson, Mattis and Espeland, H{\r a}vard and Kupka, Tomas and Langseth, Ragnar and Petlund, Andreas and Qiaoqiao, Peng and Xue, Chuansong and Johansen, Dag and Pogorelov, Konstantin and H{\r a}kon Kvale {Stensland} and Griwodz, Carsten and Riegler, Michael and Halvorsen, P{\r a}l}
}
@inbook {25869,
	title = {Camera Synchronization for Panoramic Videos},
	booktitle = {MediaSync},
	year = {2018},
	month = {03/2018},
	pages = {565-592},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-65840-7_20},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65840-7_20},
	author = {Vamsidhar Reddy {Gaddam} and Langseth, Ragnar and H{\r a}kon Kvale {Stensland} and Griwodz, Carsten and Riegler, Michael and Kupka, Tomas and Espeland, H{\r a}vard and Johansen, Dag and Johansen, H{\r a}vard and Halvorsen, P{\r a}l},
	editor = {Montagud, Mario and Cesar, Pablo and Boronat, Fernando and Jansen, Jack}
}
@inproceedings {26250,
	title = {Efficient Live and on-Demand Tiled HEVC 360 VR Video Streaming},
	journal = {2018 IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia (ISM)},
	year = {2018},
	month = {12/2018},
	pages = {81-88},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	address = {Taichung, Taiwan},
	abstract = {With 360{\textopenbullet} panorama video technology becoming commonplace, the need for efficient streaming methods for such videos arises. We go beyond the existing on-demand solutions and present a live streaming system which strikes a trade-off between bandwidth usage and the video quality in the user{\textquoteright}s field-of-view. We have created an architecture that combines RTP and DASH to deliver 360{\textopenbullet} VR content to a Huawei set-top-box and a Samsung Galaxy S7. Our system multiplexes a single HEVC hardware decoder to provide faster quality switching than at the traditional GOP boundaries. We demonstrate the performance and illustrate the trade-offs through real-world experiments where we can report comparable bandwidth savings to existing on-demand approaches, but with faster quality switches when the field-of- view changes.\&nbsp;},
	doi = {10.1109/ISM.2018.00022},
	author = {Jeppsson, Mattis and Espeland, H{\r a}vard and Kupka, Tomas and Langseth, Ragnar and Petlund, Andreas and Qiaoqiao, Peng and Xue, Chuansong and Pogorelov, Konstantin and Riegler, Michael and Johansen, Dag and Griwodz, Carsten and Halvorsen, P{\r a}l}
}
@article {23367,
	title = {The Cameraman Operating My Virtual Camera Is Artificial: Can The Machine Be As Good As A Human?},
	journal = {ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications and Applications},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2015},
	month = {06/2015},
	pages = {56:1--56:20},
	publisher = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {In this paper, we argue that the energy spent in designing autonomous camera control systems is not spent in vain. We present a real-time virtual camera system that can create smooth camera motion. Similar systems are frequently benchmarked with the human operator as the best possible reference; however, we avoid a priori assumptions in our evaluations. Our main question is simply whether we can design algorithms to steer a virtual camera that can compete with the user experience for recordings from an expert operator with several years of experience? In this respect, we present two low-complexity servoing methods that are explored in two user studies. The results from the user studies give a promising answer to the question pursued. Furthermore, all components of the system meet the real-time requirements on commodity hardware. The growing capabilities of both hardware and network in mobile devices give us hope that this system can be deployed to mobile users in the near future. Moreover, the design of the presented system takes into account that services to concurrent users must be supported.},
	issn = {1551-6857},
	doi = {10.1145/2744411},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2744411},
	author = {Vamsidhar Reddy {Gaddam} and Eg, Ragnhild and Langseth, Ragnar and Griwodz, Carsten and Halvorsen, P{\r a}l}
}
@article {23460,
	title = {An Experimental Evaluation of Debayering Algorithms on GPUs for Recording Panoramic Video in Real-time},
	journal = {International Journal of Multimedia Data Engineering and Management (IJMDEM)},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2015},
	month = {07/2015},
	pages = {1-16},
	publisher = {IGI Global},
	abstract = {Modern video cameras often only capture a single color per pixel\&nbsp;in a single pass operation. This process is called ltering, where pixels\&nbsp;are ltered through a color lter array, and the Bayer filter is perhaps\&nbsp;the most common filter used today. This means that we must restore\&nbsp;the missing color channels in the image or the video frame in a post-processing step, i.e., a process referred to as debayering. In a live\&nbsp;video scenario, this operation must be performed eciently in order\&nbsp;to output each video frame in real-time, while also yielding acceptable\&nbsp;visual quality. Here, we evaluate debayering algorithms implemented\&nbsp;on a GPU for real-time panoramic video recordings using multiple\&nbsp;2K-resolution cameras.},
	issn = {1947-8534},
	doi = {10.4018/ijmdem.2015070101},
	author = {Langseth, Ragnar and Vamsidhar Reddy {Gaddam} and H{\r a}kon Kvale {Stensland} and Griwodz, Carsten and Halvorsen, P{\r a}l and Johansen, Dag}
}
@inproceedings {23370,
	title = {Scaling Virtual Camera Services to a Large Number of Users},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 6th annual ACM conference on Multimedia Systems (MMSYS)},
	year = {2015},
	month = {03/2015},
	pages = {93-96},
	publisher = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {By processing video footage from a camera array, one can easily make\&nbsp;wide-field-of-view panorama videos. From the single panorama video,\&nbsp;one can further generate multiple virtual cameras supporting\&nbsp;personalized views to a large number of users based on only the few\&nbsp;physical cameras in the array. However, giving personalized services to large\&nbsp;numbers of users potentially introduces both bandwidth and processing\&nbsp;bottlenecks, depending on where the virtual camera is processed.In this demonstration, we present a system that address the large cost\&nbsp;of transmitting entire panorama video to the end-user where the user\&nbsp;creates the virtual views on the client device. Our approach is to\&nbsp;divide the panorama into tiles, each encoded in multiple\&nbsp;qualities. Then, the panorama video tiles are retrieved by the client\&nbsp;in a quality (and thus bit rate) depending on where the virtual camera\&nbsp;is pointing, i.e., the video quality of the tile changes dynamically\&nbsp;according to the user interaction. Our initial experiments indicate\&nbsp;that there is a large potential of saving bandwidth on the cost of\&nbsp;trading quality of in areas of the panorama frame not used for the\&nbsp;extraction of the virtual view.\&nbsp;},
	isbn = { 978-1-4503-3351-1},
	author = {Vamsidhar Reddy {Gaddam} and Langseth, Ragnar and H{\r a}kon Kvale {Stensland} and Griwodz, Carsten and Johansen, Dag and Halvorsen, P{\r a}l}
}
@inproceedings {23535,
	title = {Tiling of Panorama Video for Interactive Virtual Cameras: Overheads and Potential Bandwidth Requirement Reduction},
	journal = {21st International Packet Video Workshop (PV 2015)},
	year = {2015},
	month = {06/2015},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	abstract = {Delivering high resolution, high bitrate panoramavideo to a large number of users introduces huge scalingchallenges. To reduce the resource requirement, researchers haveearlier proposed tiling in order to deliver different qualities indifferent spatial parts of the video. In our work, providing aninteractive moving virtual camera to each user, tiling may be usedto reduce the quality depending on the position of the virtualview. This raises new challenges compared to existing tilingapproaches as the need for high quality tiles dynamically change.In this paper, we describe a tiling approach of panorama videofor interactive virtual cameras where we provide initial resultsshowing the introduced overheads and the potential reduction inbandwidth requirement.\&nbsp;},
	author = {Vamsidhar Reddy {Gaddam} and Hoang Bao {Ngo} and Langseth, Ragnar and Griwodz, Carsten and Johansen, Dag and Halvorsen, P{\r a}l}
}
@article {23471,
	title = {Using a Commodity Hardware Video Encoder for Interactive Applications},
	journal = {International Journal of Multimedia Data Engineering and Management (IJMDEM)},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2015},
	month = {07/2015},
	pages = {17-31},
	publisher = {IGI Global},
	abstract = {Over the last years, video streaming has become one of the most dominant Internet services. Due to the increased availability of high-speed Internet access, multimedia services are becoming more interactive. Examples of such applications are both cloud gaming and systems where users can interact with high-resolution content. During the last few years, programmable hardware video encoders have been built into commodity hardware such as CPUs and GPUs. We evaluate one of these encoders in a scenario where we have individual streams delivered to the end users. Our results show that the visual video quality and the frame size of the hardware-based encoder are comparable to a software-based approach. To evaluate a complete system, we have implemented our proposed streaming pipeline into Quake III. We found that running the game on a remote server and streaming the video output to a client web browser located in a typical home environment is possible and enjoyable. The interaction latency is measured to be less than 90 ms, which is below what is reported for OnLive in a similar environment},
	issn = {1947-8534},
	doi = {10.4018/ijmdem.2015070102},
	author = {H{\r a}kon Kvale {Stensland} and Martin Alexander {Wilhelmsen} and Vamsidhar Reddy {Gaddam} and Mortensen, Asgeir and Langseth, Ragnar and Griwodz, Carsten and Halvorsen, P{\r a}l}
}
@inproceedings {Gaddam2014a,
	title = {Automatic Real-Time Zooming and Panning on Salient Objects from a Panoramic Video},
	journal = {Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Multimedia - MM {\textquoteright}14},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {725{\textendash}726},
	publisher = {ACM Press},
	address = {New York, New York, USA},
	isbn = {9781450330633},
	doi = {10.1145/2647868.2654882},
	url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=2647868.2654882},
	author = {Vamsidhar Reddy {Gaddam} and Langseth, Ragnar and H{\r a}kon Kvale {Stensland} and Griwodz, Carsten and Halvorsen, P{\r a}l and Landsverk, {\O}ystein}
}
@inproceedings {acmmm2014demo,
	title = {Automatic Real-Time Zooming and Panning on Salient Objects From a Panoramic Video},
	journal = {ACM International Conference on Multimedia},
	year = {2014},
	month = {November},
	publisher = {ACM},
	type = {Conference},
	abstract = {The proposed demo shows how our system automatically zooms and pans into tracked objects in panorama videos. At the conference site, we will set up a two-camera version of the system, generating live panorama videos, where the system zooms and pans tracking people using colored hats. Additionally, using a stored soccer game video from a five 2K camera setup at Alfheim stadium in Tromso from the European league game between Troms{\o} IL and Tottenham Hotspurs, the system automatically follows the ball.},
	keywords = {Conference},
	author = {Vamsidhar Reddy {Gaddam} and Langseth, Ragnar and H{\r a}kon Kvale {Stensland} and Griwodz, Carsten and Halvorsen, P{\r a}l}
}
@article {19145,
	title = {Bagadus: An integrated real-time system for soccer analytics},
	journal = {ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {1{\textendash}21},
	publisher = {ACM},
	issn = {15516857},
	doi = {10.1145/2541011},
	url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=2576908.2541011},
	author = {H{\r a}kon Kvale {Stensland} and Landsverk, {\O}ystein and Griwodz, Carsten and Halvorsen, P{\r a}l and Vamsidhar Reddy {Gaddam} and Tenn{\o}e, Marius and Helgedagsrud, Espen and N{\ae}ss, Mikkel and Henrik Kjus {Alstad} and Mortensen, Asgeir and Langseth, Ragnar and Lj{\o}dal, Sigurd}
}
@article {stensland-bagadus,
	title = {Bagadus: an Integrated Real-Time System for Soccer Analytics},
	journal = {ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications},
	volume = {10},
	number = {1s},
	year = {2014},
	month = {January},
	pages = {14:1-14:21},
	abstract = {The importance of winning has increased the role of performance analysis in the sports industry, and this underscores how statistics and technology keep changing the way sports are played. Thus, this is a growing area of interest, both from a computer system view in managing the technical challenges and from a sport performance view in aiding the development of athletes. In this respect, Bagadus is a real-time prototype of a sports analytics application using soccer as a case study. Bagadus integrates a sensor system, a soccer analytics annotations system, and a video processing system using a video camera array. A prototype is currently installed at Alfheim Stadium in Norway, and in this article, we describe how the system can be used in real-time to playback events. The system supports both stitched panorama video and camera switching modes and creates video summaries based on queries to the sensor system. Moreover, we evaluate the system from a systems point of view, benchmarking different approaches, algorithms, and trade-offs, and show how the system runs in real time.},
	doi = {10.1145/2541011},
	author = {H{\r a}kon Kvale {Stensland} and Vamsidhar Reddy {Gaddam} and Tenn{\o}e, Marius and Espen O. {Helgedagsrud} and N{\ae}ss, Mikkel and Henrik Kjus {Alstad} and Mortensen, Asgeir and Langseth, Ragnar and Lj{\o}dal, Sigurd and Landsverk, {\O}ystein and Griwodz, Carsten and Halvorsen, P{\r a}l and Stenhaug, Magnus and Johansen, Dag}
}
@inproceedings {Gaddam2014b,
	title = {Be your own cameraman: real-time support for zooming and panning into stored and live panoramic video},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 5th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference on - MMSys {\textquoteright}14},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {168{\textendash}171},
	publisher = {ACM Press},
	address = {New York, New York, USA},
	isbn = {9781450327053},
	doi = {10.1145/2557642.2579370},
	url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=2557642.2579370},
	author = {Vamsidhar Reddy {Gaddam} and Langseth, Ragnar and H{\r a}kon Kvale {Stensland} and Gurdjos, Pierre and Charvillat, Vincent and Griwodz, Carsten and Halvorsen, P{\r a}l}
}
@inproceedings {mmsys.2014-02-12.5304482962,
	title = {Be Your Own Cameraman: Real-Time Support for Zooming and Panning Into Stored and Live Panoramic Video},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM conference on Multimedia Systems (MMSYS)},
	year = {2014},
	month = {March},
	publisher = {ACM},
	type = {Conference},
	abstract = {High-resolution panoramic video with a wide field-of-view is popular in many contexts. However, in many examples, like surveillance and sports, it is often desirable to zoom and pan into the generated video. A challenge in this respect is real-time support, but in this demo, we present an end-to-end real-time panorama system with interactive zoom and panning. Our system installed at Alfheim stadium, a Norwegian premier league soccer team, generates a cylindrical panorama from five 2K cameras live where the perspective is corrected in real-time when presented to the client. This gives a better and more natural zoom compared to existing systems using perspective panoramas and zoom operations using plain crop. Our experimental results indicate that virtual views can be generated far below the frame-rate threshold, i.e., on a GPU, the processing requirement per frame is about 10\~milliseconds. The proposed demo lets participants interactively zoom and pan into stored panorama videos generated at Alfheim stadium and from a live 2-camera array on-site.},
	doi = {10.1145/2557642.2579370},
	author = {Vamsidhar Reddy {Gaddam} and Langseth, Ragnar and H{\r a}kon Kvale {Stensland} and Gurdjos, Pierre and Charvillat, Vincent and Griwodz, Carsten and Johansen, Dag and Halvorsen, P{\r a}l}
}
@inproceedings {sport.2014-ism-bayer,
	title = {An Evaluation of Debayering Algorithms on GPU for Real-Time Panoramic Video Recording},
	journal = {IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia (ISM 2014)},
	year = {2014},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	type = {Conference},
	abstract = {Modern video cameras normally only capture a single color per pixel, commonly arranged in a Bayer pattern. This means that we must restore the missing color channels in the image or the video frame in post-processing, a process referred to as debayering. In a live video scenario, this operation must be performed efficiently in order to output each frame in real-time, while also yielding acceptable visual quality. Here, we evaluate debayering algorithms implemented on a GPU for real-time panoramic video recordings using multiple 2K-resolution cameras.},
	author = {Langseth, Ragnar and Vamsidhar Reddy {Gaddam} and H{\r a}kon Kvale {Stensland} and Griwodz, Carsten and Halvorsen, P{\r a}l}
}
@inproceedings {Gaddam:2014:IZP:2597176.2578264,
	title = {Interactive Zoom and Panning from Live Panoramic Video},
	journal = {Proceedings of Network and Operating System Support on Digital Audio and Video Workshop},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {19:19{\textendash}{\textendash}19:24},
	publisher = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	keywords = {panning, panorama video, real-time, zoom},
	isbn = {978-1-4503-2706-0},
	doi = {10.1145/2578260.2578264},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2578260.2578264},
	author = {Vamsidhar Reddy {Gaddam} and Langseth, Ragnar and Lj{\o}dal, Sigurd and Gurdjos, Pierre and Charvillat, Vincent and Griwodz, Carsten and Halvorsen, P{\r a}l}
}
@inproceedings {Simula.simula.2538,
	title = {Interactive Zoom and Panning From Live Panoramic Video},
	journal = {Proceeding of the 24th ACM Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video (NOSSDAV)},
	year = {2014},
	publisher = {ACM},
	type = {Workshop},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {Panorama video is becoming increasingly popular, and we present an end-to-end real-time system to interactively zoom and pan into high-resolution panoramic videos. Compared to existing systems using perspective panoramas with cropping, our approach creates a cylindrical panorama. Here, the perspective is corrected in real-time, and the result is a better and more natural zoom. Our experimental results also indicate that such zoomed virtual views can be generated far below the frame-rate threshold. Taking into account recent trends in device development, our approach should be able to scale to a large number of concurrent users in the near future.},
	keywords = {Workshop},
	author = {Vamsidhar Reddy {Gaddam} and Langseth, Ragnar and Lj{\o}dal, Sigurd and Gurdjos, Pierre and Charvillat, Vincent and Griwodz, Carsten and Halvorsen, P{\r a}l}
}
@inproceedings {Kellerer2014a,
	title = {Real-Time HDR Panorama Video},
	journal = {Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Multimedia - MM {\textquoteright}14},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {1205{\textendash}1208},
	publisher = {ACM Press},
	address = {New York, New York, USA},
	isbn = {9781450330633},
	doi = {10.1145/2647868.2655049},
	url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=2647868.2655049},
	author = {Kellerer, Lorenz and Vamsidhar Reddy {Gaddam} and Langseth, Ragnar and H{\r a}kon Kvale {Stensland} and Griwodz, Carsten and Halvorsen, P{\r a}l}
}
@inproceedings {acmmm2014hdrshort,
	title = {Real-Time HDR Panorama Video},
	journal = {ACM International Conference on Multimedia},
	year = {2014},
	month = {November},
	type = {Conference},
	abstract = {The interest for wide field of view panorama video is increasing. In this respect, we have an application that uses an array of cameras that overlook a soccer stadium. The input of these cameras are stitched together to provide a panoramic view of the stadium. One of the challenges we face is that large parts of the field are obscured by shadows on sunny days. Such circumstances cause unsatisfying video quality. We have therefore implemented and evaluated multiple algorithms related to high dynamic range (HDR) video. The evaluation shows that a combination of several approaches gives the most useful results in our scenario.},
	keywords = {Conference},
	author = {Kellerer, Lorenz and Vamsidhar Reddy {Gaddam} and Langseth, Ragnar and H{\r a}kon Kvale {Stensland} and Griwodz, Carsten and Johansen, Dag and Halvorsen, P{\r a}l}
}
@inproceedings {mmsys.2014-02-18.0527842670,
	title = {Soccer Video and Player Position Dataset},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM conference on Multimedia Systems (MMSYS)},
	year = {2014},
	publisher = {ACM},
	type = {Conference},
	abstract = {This paper presents a dataset of body-sensor traces and corresponding videos from several professional soccer games captured in late 2013 at the Alfheim Stadium in Troms{\o}, Norway.Player data, including field position, heading, and speed are sampled at 20 Hz using the highly accurate ZXY Sport Tracking system. Additional per-player statistics, like total distance covered and distance covered in different speed classes, are also included with a 1 Hz sampling rate. The provided videos are in high-definition and captured using two stationary camera arrays positioned at an elevated position above the tribune area close to the center of the field. The camera array is configured to cover the entire soccer field, and each camera can be used individually or as a stitched panorama video. This combination of body-sensor data and videos enables computer-vision algorithms for feature extraction, object tracking, background subtraction, and similar, to be tested against the ground truth contained in the sensor traces.},
	author = {Svein Arne {Pettersen} and Johansen, Dag and Johansen, H{\r a}vard and Berg-Johansen, Vegard and Vamsidhar Reddy {Gaddam} and Mortensen, Asgeir and Langseth, Ragnar and Griwodz, Carsten and H{\r a}kon Kvale {Stensland} and Halvorsen, P{\r a}l}
}
@inproceedings {Pettersen2014a,
	title = {Soccer Video and Player Position Dataset},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 5th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference on - MMSys {\textquoteright}14},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {18{\textendash}23},
	publisher = {ACM Press},
	address = {New York, New York, USA},
	abstract = {Abstract This paper presents a dataset of body-sensor traces and corresponding videos from several professional soccer games captured in late 2013 at the Alfheim Stadium in Troms{\o}, Norway. Player data, including field position , heading, and speed are sampled at 20Hz ... $\backslash$n},
	isbn = {9781450327053},
	doi = {10.1145/2557642.2563677},
	url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=2557642.2563677},
	author = {Svein Arne {Pettersen} and Halvorsen, P{\r a}l and Johansen, H{\r a}vard and Berg-Johansen, Vegard and Vamsidhar Reddy {Gaddam} and Mortensen, Asgeir and Langseth, Ragnar and Griwodz, Carsten and H{\r a}kon Kvale {Stensland}}
}
@inproceedings {sport.2014-ism-short-nvenc,
	title = {Using a Commodity Hardware Video Encoder for Interactive Video Streaming},
	journal = {IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia (ISM 2014)},
	year = {2014},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	type = {Conference},
	abstract = {Over the last years, video streaming has become one of the most dominant Internet services. A trend now is that due to the increased availability of high-speed internet access, multimedia services are becoming more interactive and immersive. Examples of such applications are both cloud gaming and systems where users can interact with high-resolution content. Over the last few years, hardware video encoders have been built into commodity hardware. We evaluate one of these encoders in a scenario where we have individual streams delivered to the end users. Our results show that we can reduce almost half of the CPU time spent on video processing, while also greatly reducing the power consumption on the system. We also compare the visual video quality and the frame size of the hardware based encoder, and we find no significant difference compared to a software based approach.},
	author = {Martin Alexander {Wilhelmsen} and H{\r a}kon Kvale {Stensland} and Vamsidhar Reddy {Gaddam} and Mortensen, Asgeir and Langseth, Ragnar and Griwodz, Carsten and Halvorsen, P{\r a}l}
}
