@inproceedings {24069,
	title = {Empirical Evaluation of UML Modeling Tools{\textendash}A Controlled Experiment},
	journal = {European Conference on Modelling Foundations and Applications},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {33-44},
	publisher = {Springer},
	address = {L{\textquoteright}Aquila, Italy},
	abstract = {Model driven software engineering (MDSE) has shown to provide mark improvement in productivity and quality of software products. UML is a standard modeling language that is widely used in the industry to support MDSE. To provide tool support for MDSE, a large number of UML modeling tools are available, ranging from open-source tools to commercial tools with high price tag. A common decision faced while applying UML in practice is the selection of an appropriate tool for modeling. In this paper we conduct a study to compare three of the well-known modeling tools: IBM Rational Software Architect (RSA), MagicDraw, and Papyrus. In this study we conducted an ex- periment with undergraduate and graduate students. The goal is to compare the productivity of the software engineers while modeling with the tools. We meas- ure the productivity in terms of modeling effort required to correctly complete a task, learnability, time and number of clicks required, and memory load re- quired for the software engineer to complete a task. Our results show that Ma- gicDraw performed significantly better in terms of learnability, memory load, and completeness of tasks. In terms of time and number of clicks, IBM RSA was significantly better while modeling class diagrams and state machines when compared to Papyrus. However no single tool outperformed others in all the modeling tasks with respect to time and number of clicks.\&nbsp;},
	keywords = {Controlled experiment, empirical software engineering, Model driven software engineering, Modeling tools, UML},
	author = {Safdar Aqeel {Safdar}},
	editor = {Muhammad Zohaib {Iqbal}}
}
@inproceedings {Simula.simula.2860,
	title = {A Heuristic-Based Approach to Refactor Crosscutting Behaviors in UML State Machines},
	journal = {30th International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution (ICSME)},
	year = {2014},
	publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
	type = {1},
	abstract = {UML state machines are commonly used to model the state-based behavior of communication and control systems to support various activities such as test cases and code generation. Standard UML state machines are well suited to model functional behavior; however extra-functional behavior such as robustness and security can also be directly modeled on them, but this often results in cluttered models since extra-functional behaviors are often crosscutting. Such modeling crosscutting behavior directly on UML state machines is a common practice. Aspect-Oriented Modeling (AOM) allows systematically modeling of crosscutting behavior and has shown to provide a scalable solution in the recent years. However, due to lack of familiarity of AOM in both academic and industry, extra-functional behavior is often modeled directly on UML state machines and as results those UML state machines are difficult to read and maintain. To improve the readability of already developed UML state machines and ease maintenance, we propose a set of heuristics, derived from two industrial cases studies, implemented in a tool to automatically identify commonly observed crosscutting behaviors in UML state machines and refactor them as Aspect State Machines. Such refactoring makes the state machines easier to maintain and comprehend. We present the results of applying our proposed heuristics to the existing UML state machines of two industrial case studies developed for model-based testing.},
	keywords = {Conference},
	author = {Muhammad Uzair {Khan} and Muhammad Zohaib {Iqbal} and Ali, Shaukat},
	editor = {M{\"u}ller, Hausi}
}
@article {24494,
	title = {A comprehensive solution for application-level adaptation},
	journal = {Software - Practice and Experience},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {385-422},
	publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons},
	doi = { 10.1002/spe.900},
	author = {Geihs, Kurt and Barone, Paolo and Eliassen, Frank and Floch, Jacqueline and Fricke, Rolf and Gj{\o}rven, Eli and Hallsteinsen, Svein and Horn, Geir and Muhammad Uzair {Khan} and Mamelli, Alessandro and Reichle, Roland and Stav, Erlend}
}
