@inbook {Simula.ND.309,
	title = {Scalable Interconnection Networks},
	booktitle = {Simula Research Laboratory - by thinking constantly about it},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {129-162},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	chapter = {14},
	address = {Heidelberg},
	abstract = {A modern supercomputer or large scale server consists of a huge set of processing units and units that perform different forms of input/output and memory functions. These components unite in a complex collaboration to perform the main tasks of the system. Such collaboration requires communication between the components, which is supported by an infrastructure called the interconnection network. This book chapter describes the interconnection networks research activity at Simula the last five years done by the ICON group. ICON has focused on how to connect point-to-point links and switches into scalable network topologies, and how to route packets efficiently in order to yield the highest possible performance. This also poses various requirements regarding fault tolerance, quality of service (QoS), congestion control, virtualization, and other non-functional aspects. ICON\&$\#$39;s research results have been published in several of the most respected IEEE journals and magazines within our field. Furthermore, some of ICON\&$\#$39;s solutions have had a major impact on the routing architecture of modern supercomputers.},
	isbn = {978-3-642-01155-9},
	author = {Lysne, Olav and Skeie, Tor and Reinemo, Sven-Arne and Frank Olaf {Sem-Jacobsen} and Nils Agne {Nordbotten}},
	editor = {Tveito, Aslak and Are Magnus {Bruaset} and Lysne, Olav}
}
@phdthesis {Simula.ND.267,
	title = {Fault-Tolerant Routing in Interconnection Networks},
	year = {2008},
	school = {University of Oslo},
	type = {phd},
	abstract = {Interconnection networks are used for connecting the various components of a system, such as the nodes of a parallel computer. In the event that the interconnection network fails, the remainder of the system is left disconnected. Thus, the reliability of the interconnection network is vital for the overall reliability of the system. However, as the network size increases, there is an increased probability that some component will fail. It is therefore essential to be able to keep the interconnection network operational even in the presence of faulty components. In this thesis, this issue is addressed through new methods for fault-tolerant routing. There are two main contributions. The first is a fault-tolerant routing methodology assuming a static fault-model. The main fault-tolerant mechanism of the methodology is routing via intermediate nodes. In addition, several extensions are provided, enabling the methodology to be adapted to various fault tolerance requirements. The methodology requires no change to the way packets are routed in the fault-free case, can be easily implemented, does not require the use of routing tables, and is well-suited for use in high-performance systems. The second main contribution is a fault-tolerant routing method supporting a dynamic fault-model. Using this method, network traffic is not required to be stopped at any time, enabling faults in the interconnection network to be made transparent to the applications. The method is therefore applicable to systems that are required to remain operational at all times. Both methods are valid for both mesh and torus topologies, which are among the most commonly used interconnection network topologies. Furthermore, they provide high network performance, through the use of adaptive routing, and provide graceful performance degradation in the presence of faults.},
	isbn = {1501-7710},
	author = {Nils Agne {Nordbotten}}
}
@inproceedings {Simula.ND.31,
	title = {A Routing Methodology for Dynamic Fault Tolerance in Meshes and Tori},
	journal = {International Conference on High Performance Computing (HiPC)},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {514-527},
	publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
	type = {Conference},
	abstract = {This paper proposes a fully distributed fault-tolerant routing methodology for tori and meshes. A dynamic fault-model is supported, enabling the network to remain fully operational at all times. Contrary to most previous proposals that support a dynamic fault-model, the methodology is able to tolerate concave fault regions, thereby avoiding disabling healthy nodes in most practical scenarios. The methodology provides high network performance through the use of adaptive routing and provides graceful performance degradation in the presence of faults.},
	isbn = {978-3-540-77219-4},
	author = {Nils Agne {Nordbotten} and Skeie, Tor},
	editor = {Aluru, Srinivas and Parashar, Manish and Badrinath, Ramamurthy and Viktor K. {Prasanna}}
}
@article {Gomez.2006.1,
	title = {A Routing Methodology for Achieving Fault Tolerance in Direct Networks},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Computers},
	volume = {55},
	number = {4},
	year = {2006},
	month = {April},
	pages = {400-415},
	abstract = {Massively parallel computing systems are being built with thousands of nodes. The interconnection network plays a key role for the performance of such systems. However, the high number of components significantly increases the probability of failure. Additionally, failures in the interconnection network may isolate a large fraction of the machine. It is therefore critical to provide an efficient fault-tolerant mechanism to keep the system running, even in the presence of faults. This paper presents a new fault-tolerant routing methodology that does not degrade performance in the absence of faults and tolerates a reasonably large number of faults without disabling any healthy node. In order to avoid faults, for some source-destination pairs, packets are first sent to an intermediate node and then from this node to the destination node. Fully adaptive routing is used along both subpaths. The methodology assumes a static fault model and the use of a checkpoint/restart mechanism. However, there are scenarios where the faults cannot be avoided solely by using an intermediate node. Thus, we also provide some extensions to the methodology. Specifically, we propose disabling adaptive routing and/or using misrouting on a per-packet basis. We also propose the use of more than one intermediate node for some paths. The proposed fault-tolerant routing methodology is extensively evaluated in terms of fault tolerance, complexity, and performance.},
	author = {Maria Engracia {G{\'o}mez} and Nils Agne {Nordbotten} and Flich, Jos{\'e} and Lopez, Pedro and Robles, Antonio and Duato, Jose and Skeie, Tor and Lysne, Olav}
}
@article {Aakvaag.2003.1,
	title = {IPv6: the New Internet Protocol},
	journal = {ABB Review},
	number = {1},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {30-35},
	author = {Niels D. {Aakvaag} and Nils Agne {Nordbotten}}
}
