@article {25570,
	title = {Contract-theoretic Approach for Delay Constrained Offloading in Vehicular Edge Computing Networks},
	journal = {Mobile Networks and Applications},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {1-12},
	publisher = {Springer},
	address = {US},
	abstract = {Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) is a promising solution to improve vehicular services through offloading computation to cloud servers in close proximity to mobile vehicles. However, the self-interested nature together with the high mobility characteristic of the vehicles make the design of the computation offloading scheme a significant challenge. In this paper, we propose a new Vehicular Edge Computing (VEC) framework to model the computation offloading process of the mobile vehicles running on a bidirectional road. Based on this framework, we adopt a contract theoretic approach to design optimal offloading strategies for the VEC service provider, which maximize the revenue of the provider while enhancing the utilities of the vehicles. To further improve the utilization of the computing resources of the VEC servers, we incorporate task priority distinction as well as additional resource providing into the design of the offloading scheme, and propose an efficient VEC server selection and computing resource allocation algorithm. Numerical results indicate that our proposed schemes greatly enhance the revenue of the VEC provider, and concurrently improve the utilization of cloud computing resources.},
	keywords = {Cloud, Contract theory, Mobile edge computing, Vehicular network},
	issn = {1572-8153},
	doi = {10.1007/s11036-018-1032-0},
	author = {Zhang, K. and Mao, Y. and Leng, S. and Maharjan, Sabita and Vinel, A. and Zhang, Yan}
}
@article {26438,
	title = {Optimal Charging Schemes for Electric Vehicles in Smart Grid: A Contract Theoretic Approach},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportaion Systems},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2018},
	month = {09/2018},
	pages = {3046-3058},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	abstract = {Due to their environment friendliness, electric vehicles (EVs) are anticipated to form a considerable fraction of vehicles for transportation in smart cities. It is essential to design an electricity charging scheme that takes the utilities of both the charging stations and the EVs into consideration. However, the self-interested nature of the EVs together with the information asymmetry between the energy demand and supply sides makes the design a significant challenge. In this paper, we propose a queuing network-based model to characterize the charging process of the multiple EVs in a renewable energy-aided charging station. Based on the model, we adopt a contract theoretic approach to design an optimal charging policy in an information asymmetry scenario. Furthermore, we propose the new contract-based charging rate assignment and admission control schemes that maximize the utility of the charging station under certain charging constraints. To derive the optimal contract, we present a two-step iterative algorithm and prove its convergence. We evaluate the proposed schemes based on the IEEE 69-bus distribution test system. Results indicate that the contract-based charging schemes can effectively benefit both the charging stations and the EVs and concurrently improve the load level of the smart grid.},
	author = {Zhang, K. and Mao, Y. and Leng, S. and He, Y. and Maharjan, Sabita and Gjessing, Stein and Zhang, Yan and Tsang, D.}
}
@article {24548,
	title = {Incentive-Driven Energy Trading in the Smart Grid},
	journal = {IEEE Access},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2016},
	month = {03/2016},
	pages = {1243-1257},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	abstract = {The smart grid is widely considered as an efcient and intelligent power system. With the aid of communication technologies, the smart grid can enhance the efciency and reliability of the grid system through intelligent energy management. However, with the development of new energy sources, storage and transmission technologies together with the heterogeneous architecture of the grid network, several new features have been incorporated into the smart grid. These features make the energy trading more complex and pose a signicant challenge on designing efcient trading schemes. Based on this motivation, in this paper, we present a comprehensive review of several typical economic incentive approaches adopted in the energy-trading control mechanisms. We focus on the technologies that address the challenges specic to the new features of the smart grid. Furthermore, we investigate the energy trading in a new cloud-based vehicle-to-vehicle energy exchange scenario. We propose an optimal contract-based electricity trading scheme, which efciently increases the generated profit.},
	issn = {2169-3536},
	doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2016.2543841},
	author = {Zhang, K. and Mao, Y. and Leng, Supeng and Maharjan, Sabita and Zhang, Yan and Vinel, A. and Jonsson, Magnus}
}
