@article {Simula.SC.648,
	title = {Characterization of Cyclical CSF Flow in the Foramen Magnum and Upper Cervical Spinal Canal With MR Flow Imaging and Computational Fluid Dynamics},
	journal = {American Journal of Neuroradiology},
	volume = {31},
	number = {6},
	year = {2010},
	month = {June-July},
	pages = {997-1002},
	abstract = {SUMMARYCSF flow has been shown to exhibit complex patterns in MR images in both healthy subjects and in patients with Chiari I. Abnormal CSF flow oscillations, according to prevailing opinion, cause syringomyelia and other clinical manifestations that affect some patients with the Chiari I malformation. For this article, we reviewed the literature on PC MR of CSF flow, collected the published CFD studies relevant to CSF flow, and performed flow simulations. PC MR creates cine and still images of CSF flow and measurements of flow velocities. CFD, a technique used to compute flow and pressure in liquid systems, simulates the CSF flow patterns that occur in a specific geometry or anatomy of the SAS and a specific volume of flow. Published PC MR studies show greater peak CSF velocities and more complex flow patterns in patients with Chiari I than in healthy subjects, with synchronous bidirectional flow one of the characteristic markers of pathologic flow. In mathematic models of the SAS created from high-resolution MR images, CFD displays complex CSF flow patterns similar to those shown in PC MR in patients. CFD shows that the pressure and flow patterns vary from level to level in the upper spinal canal and differ between patients with Chiari and healthy volunteers. In models in which elasticity and motion are incorporated, CFD displays CSF pressure waves in the SAS. PC MR and CFD studies to date demonstrate significant alterations of CSF flow and pressure patterns in patients with Chiari I. CSF flow has nonlaminar complex spatial and temporal variations and associated pressure waves and pressure gradients. Additional simulations of CSF flow supplemented by PC MR will lead to better measures for distinguishing pathologic flow abnormalities that cause syringomyelia, headaches, and other clinical manifestations in Chiari I malformations.},
	doi = {10.3174/ajnr.A1995},
	author = {Hentschel, Susanne and Mardal, Kent-Andre and Alf Emil {L{\o}vgren} and Linge, Svein and Haughton, Victor}
}
@article {Simula.sc.808,
	title = {Computational Vascular {fl}uid-structure Interaction: Methodology and Application to Cerebral Aneurysms},
	journal = {Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology},
	volume = {9},
	number = {4},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {481-498},
	abstract = {A computational vascular fluid-structure interaction framework for the simulation of patient-specific cerebral aneurysm configurations is presented. A new approach for the computation of the blood vessel tissue prestress is also described. Simulations of four patient-specific models are carried out, and quantities of hemodynamic interest such as wall shear stress and wall tension are studied to examine the relevance of fluid-structure interaction modeling when compared to the rigid arterial wall assumption. We demonstrate that flexible wall modeling plays an important role in accurate prediction of patient-specific hemodynamics. Discussion of the clinical relevance of our methods and results is provided.},
	doi = {10.1007/s10237-010-0189-7},
	author = {Y., Bazilevs and Hsu, M.-C and Zhang, Yan and Wang, W. and Kvamsdal, T. and Hentschel, Susanne and J. G. {Isaksen}}
}
@misc {Simula.sc.784,
	title = {Cerebral Blood Flow},
	howpublished = {Invited talk at Telemark College, Engineering Faculty, Porsgrunn, Norway, 2009},
	year = {2009},
	author = {Mardal, Kent-Andre and Hentschel, Susanne and Logg, Anders and Valen-Sendstad, Kristian}
}
@misc {Simula.sc.782,
	title = {CSF Flow Modelling},
	howpublished = {Invited talk at CSR Flow Research Conference at University of Wisconsin, Nov 9},
	year = {2009},
	author = {Mardal, Kent-Andre and Haughton, Victor and Hentschel, Susanne and Hans Petter {Langtangen} and Linge, Svein and Alf Emil {L{\o}vgren} and Valen-Sendstad, Kristian}
}
@misc {Simula.sc.786,
	title = {Patient-Specific Hemodynamics in FEniCS},
	howpublished = {Invited talk at the minisymposium on Computational Vascular and Cardiovascular Mechanics at USNCCM 2009},
	year = {2009},
	author = {Mardal, Kent-Andre and Hentschel, Susanne and Logg, Anders and Valen-Sendstad, Kristian}
}
@misc {Simula.sc.778,
	title = {Patient-Specific Hemodynamics in FEniCS},
	howpublished = {Presentation at the FEniCS 09 Workshop},
	year = {2009},
	author = {Mardal, Kent-Andre and Logg, Anders and Hentschel, Susanne and Oddrun Christin {Myklebust} and Valen-Sendstad, Kristian}
}
@misc {Simula.sc.780,
	title = {Patient-Specific Simulations of Stroke and Syringomyelia},
	howpublished = {Talk : Advisory commitee meeting FFI project P1112 Aerosols: Dispersion, Transport and Consequences, Nov 03},
	year = {2009},
	author = {Mardal, Kent-Andre and Hentschel, Susanne and Helgeland, Anders and Hans Petter {Langtangen} and Linge, Svein and Alf Emil {L{\o}vgren} and Logg, Anders and Valen-Sendstad, Kristian}
}
@misc {Simula.SC.636,
	title = {Some Biomedical Applications at Simula},
	howpublished = {Talk at the CBC Workshop on Computational Biology with UMB},
	year = {2009},
	author = {Mardal, Kent-Andre and Helgeland, Anders and Hentschel, Susanne and Hans Petter {Langtangen} and Logg, Anders and Linge, Svein and Alf Emil {L{\o}vgren} and Valen-Sendstad, Kristian}
}
@misc {Simula.SC.252,
	title = {Blood Flow Computations at Simula},
	howpublished = {Invited talk at Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, March 11.},
	year = {2008},
	author = {Mardal, Kent-Andre and Valen-Sendstad, Kristian and Oddrun Christin {Myklebust} and Hentschel, Susanne}
}
@inproceedings {Simula.SC.188,
	title = {Patient-Specific Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulations in the Circle of Willis},
	journal = {21st Nordic Seminar on Computational Mechanics},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {98-100},
	publisher = {CIMNE},
	type = {Conference},
	isbn = {978-84-96736-56-6},
	author = {Oddrun Christin {Myklebust} and Hentschel, Susanne and Mardal, Kent-Andre},
	editor = {Kvamsdal, T. and Mathisen, K.M. and Pettersen, B.}
}
@misc {Simula.SC.128,
	title = {Patient-Specific Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulations in the Circle of Willis},
	howpublished = {Invited talk at the 21st Nordic Seminar on Computational Mechanics, Trondheim, October 16-17},
	year = {2008},
	author = {Oddrun Christin {Myklebust} and Hentschel, Susanne and Mardal, Kent-Andre}
}
@misc {Simula.SC.248,
	title = {Scientific Computing at Simula},
	howpublished = {Invited Talk at Workshop on Cerebral Aneurysms and Subarachnoidal Hemorrhage, Troms{\o} Jan 24-26},
	year = {2008},
	author = {Mardal, Kent-Andre and Valen-Sendstad, Kristian and Oddrun Christin {Myklebust} and Hentschel, Susanne}
}
