@article {43040,
	title = {Sectors, Beams and Environmental Impact on the Performance of Commercial 5G mmWave Cells: An Empirical Study},
	journal = {IEEE Access},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2022},
	month = {12/2022},
	pages = {133309-133323},
	publisher = { IEEE},
	abstract = {millimeter wave (mmWave) communication is one of the cornerstones of future generations of mobile networks. While the performance of mmWave links has been thoroughly investigated by simulations and testbeds, the behavior of this technology in real-world commercial setups has not yet been thoroughly documented. In this paper, we address this gap and present the results of an empirical study to determine the actual performance of a commercial 5G mmWave cell through on-field measurements. We evaluate the signal and beam coverage map of an operational network as well as the end-to-end communication performance of a 5G mmWave connection, considering various scenarios, including human body blockage effects, foliage-caused and rain-induced attenuation, and water surface effects. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to report on a commercial deployment while not treating the radio as a black box. Measurement results are compared with 3GPP{\textquoteright}s statistical channel models for mmWave to check the possible gaps between simulated and actual\&nbsp;performance. This measurement analysis provides valuable information for researchers and 5G verticals to fully understand how a 5G mmWave commercial access network operates in the real-world.},
	keywords = {5G, commercial 5G networks, coverage analysis, millimeter-wave, mmWave},
	issn = {2169-3536},
	doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3229588},
	url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9987496},
	author = {Moheb, Salman and Foivos Ioannis {Michelinakis} and Elmokashfi, Ahmed and Gr{\o}ndalen, Ole and Mahmood, Kashif and Zanella, Andrea}
}
@article {27603,
	title = {Dissecting Energy Consumption of NB-IoT Devices Empirically},
	journal = {IEEE Internet of Things Journal},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2020},
	month = {08/2020},
	pages = {1224 - 1242},
	publisher = { IEEE},
	abstract = {3GPP has recently introduced NB-IoT, a new mobile communication standard offering a robust and energy efficient connectivity option to the rapidly expanding market of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. To unleash its full potential, end-devices are expected to work in a plug and play fashion, with zero or minimal configuration of parameters, still exhibiting excellent energy efficiency. We performed the most comprehensive set of empirical measurements with commercial IoT devices and different operators to date, quantifying the impact of several parameters to energy consumption. Our findings prove that parameters{\textquoteright} settings does impact energy consumption, so proper configuration is necessary. We shed light on this aspect by first illustrating how the nominal standard operational modes map into real current consumption patterns of NB-IoT devices. Further, we investigated which device-reported metadata metrics better reflected performance and implemented an algorithm to automatically identify device state in current time series logs. We worked with two major western European operators to provide a measurement-driven analysis of the energy consumption and network performance of two popular NB-IoT boards under different parameter configurations. We observed that energy consumption is mostly affected by the paging interval in Connected state, set by the base station. However, not all operators correctly implement such settings. Furthermore, under the default configuration, energy consumption in not strongly affected by packet size nor by signal quality, unless it is extremely bad. Our observations indicate that simple modifications to the default parameters{\textquoteright} settings can yield great energy savings.},
	keywords = {energy consumption, Internet of things, LTE, NB-IoT},
	issn = {2327-4662},
	doi = {10.1109/JIOT.2020.3013949},
	author = {Foivos Ioannis {Michelinakis} and Anas Saeed {Al-Selwi} and Capuzzo, Martina and Zanella, Andrea and Mahmood, Kashif and Elmokashfi, Ahmed}
}
