@inproceedings {27456,
	title = {An agent-based model of IPv6 adoption},
	journal = {IFIP Networking Conference (Networking)},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {361-369},
	publisher = { IEEE},
	abstract = {Despite having been proposed more than 20 years ago, IPv6 deployment has been very slow. The imminent depletion of IPv4 address space has recently motivated stakeholders to actively promote IPv6. These efforts, however, have only led to a relatively modest increase in the overall uptake. This outcome is expected given the complexity of the adoption landscape and the involved economic intricacies. Aiming to offer better insights into this process, we present the first data driven computational cost centric model of IPv6 adoption. Our model is grounded in empirical data yet parsimonious that is it focuses only on factors that are key to the modelled transition. We validate our model using historical snapshots of addresses allocations and then use it to explore a set of what if scenarios. Our findings paint a bleak picture for IPv6 adoption, predicting it to be decades away.},
	url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9142758},
	author = {Livadariu, Ioana and Elmokashfi, Ahmed and Dhamdhere, Amogh}
}
@inproceedings {25999,
	title = {Inferring carrier-grade NAT deployment in the wild},
	journal = {IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM)},
	year = {2018},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	author = {Livadariu, Ioana and Benson, Karyn and Elmokashfi, Ahmed and Dainotti, Alberto and Dhamdhere, Amogh}
}
@article {25541,
	title = {On IPv4 transfer markets: Analyzing reported transfers and inferring transfers in the wild},
	journal = {Computer Communications},
	volume = {111},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {105-119},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	abstract = {IPv4 Transfer Markets have recently emerged as a mechanism for prolonging the usability of IPv4 address space. They facilitate the trading of IPv4 address space, which constitutes a radical shift transforming IPv4 addresses from a free resource to a commodity. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of all IPv4 transfers that are published by three regional Internet registries. We analyze the overall evolution of transfer markets, whether they lead to a healthy redistribution of IP addresses, and the interplay between transfers and IPv6 adoption. We find that, to a large extent, IPv4 transfers serve their intended purpose by moving IP blocks from those with excess to those in need - transferred address blocks appear to be routed after the transfer, the utilization of transferred blocks is greater after the transfer date and a high percentage of the transferred space comes from legacy space. We have also proposed a methodology for detecting IPv4 transfers in the wild that tracks changes in origins of IP prefixes in the global routing table. This method yields promising results, yet it produces a large number of false positives due to the noisy nature of routing data. We have investigated the cause of these false positives and verified that they can be reduced to a volume analyzable by a human operator.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.comcom.2017.07.012},
	author = {Livadariu, Ioana and Elmokashfi, Ahmed and Dhamdhere, Amogh}
}
@inproceedings {25760,
	title = {Measuring IPv6 Adoption in Africa},
	journal = {International Workshop on Internet Measurements Research in Africa - IMRA 2017 in conjunction with Africomm 2017},
	year = {2017},
	month = {12/2017},
	author = {Livadariu, Ioana and Elmokashfi, Ahmed and Dhamdhere, Amogh}
}
@inproceedings {23834,
	title = {Characterizing IPv6 control and data plane stability},
	journal = {IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM)},
	year = {2016},
	author = {Livadariu, Ioana and Elmokashfi, Ahmed and Dhamdhere, Amogh}
}
@inproceedings {23931,
	title = {NAT Revelio: Detecting NAT444 in the ISP},
	journal = {Passive and Active Measurements Conference 2016},
	year = {2016},
	publisher = {Springer},
	author = {Lutu, Andra and Bagnulo, Marcelo and Dhamdhere, Amogh and Claffy, Kc}
}
@inproceedings {23520,
	title = {Investigating Excessive Delays in Mobile Broadband Networks},
	journal = {ACM SIGCOMM 2015 Workshop on All Things Cellular: Operations, Applications and Challenges},
	year = {2015},
	publisher = {ACM},
	abstract = {Systematic monitoring of performance characteristics of mobile broadband networks can help users, operators, and regulators understand this increasingly critical infrastructure. We report the results of a measurement study of round trip delays in two mobile networks in Norway using over 200 geographically distributed subscriptions for a period of one month. In general, we find high variation in delay within the same radio access type and RRC state. Across both networks we study, we observe connections with round trip delays of several seconds, often multiple times per hour, that are more frequent when nodes are moving. Correlating these extreme delay events with available metadata, we find they are related to handovers, radio state transitions, and retransmissions at the link and physical layers.},
	author = {Larson, Natalie and Baltrunas, D{\v z}iugas and Kvalbein, Amund and Dhamdhere, Amogh and Claffy, Kc and Elmokashfi, Ahmed}
}
@inproceedings { GI2015,
	title = {Leveraging the IPv4/IPv6 Identity Duality by using Multi-Path Transport},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 18th IEEE Global Internet Symposium~(GI)},
	year = {2015},
	month = {05/2015},
	address = {Hong Kong/People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	abstract = {With the 20th anniversary of IPv6 nearing quickly, a growing number of Internet service providers (ISPs) now offer their customers both IPv6 and IPv4 connectivity. This makes multi-homing with IPv4 and IPv6 increasingly common even with just a single ISP connection. Furthermore, the growing popularity of multi-path transport, especially Multi-path TCP (MPTCP) that is the extension of the well-known Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), leads to the question of whether this identity duality can be utilized for improving application performance in addition to providing resilience. In this paper, we first investigate the AS-level congruency of IPv4 and IPv6 paths in the Internet. We find that more than 60\% of the current IPv4 and IPv6 AS-paths are non-congruent at the AS-level, which motivates us to explore how MPTCP can utilize the IPv4/IPv6 identity duality to improve data transfer performance. Our results show that MPTCP, even with a single dual-stack Internet connection, can significantly improve the end-to-end performance when the underlying paths are non-congruent. The extent of the improvement can reach up to the aggregate of the IPv4 and IPv6 bandwidth.},
	keywords = {Identity Duality, Internet Paths, IPv4, IPv6, Routing},
	author = {Livadariu, Ioana and Ferlin, Simone and Alay, {\"O}zg{\"u} and Dreibholz, Thomas and Dhamdhere, Amogh and Elmokashfi, Ahmed}
}
@article {Simula.simula.2432,
	title = {Revisiting BGP Churn Growth},
	journal = {Computer Communication Review},
	volume = {44},
	number = {1},
	year = {2014},
	month = {JANUARY},
	pages = {5-12},
	abstract = {In the mid 2000s there was some concern in the research and operational communities over the scalability of BGP, the Internet{\textquoteright}s interdomain routing protocol. The focus was on update churn (the number of routing protocol messages that are exchanged when the network undergoes routing changes) and whether churn was growing too fast for routers to handle. Recent work somewhat allayed those fears, showing that update churn grows slowly in IPv4, but the question of routing scalability has re-emerged with IPv6. In this work, we develop a model that expresses BGP churn in terms of four measurable properties of the routing system. We show why the number of updates normalized by the size of the topology is constant, and why routing dynamics are qualitatively similar in IPv4 and IPv6. We also show that the exponential growth of IPv6 churn is entirely expected, as the underlying IPv6 topology is also growing},
	author = {Elmokashfi, Ahmed and Dhamdhere, Amogh}
}
@inproceedings {Simula.simula.2120,
	title = {A First Look at IPv4 Transfer Markets},
	journal = {CoNEXT 2013},
	year = {2013},
	month = {December},
	pages = {7-12},
	publisher = {ACM SIGCOMM},
	type = {Conference},
	abstract = {In February 2011 the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) exhausted its free pool of IPv4 addresses, and the regional registries (RIRs) have started to run out of IPv4 addresses as well. As RIRs have started rationing allocations, IPv4 transfer markets have emerged as a new mechanism to acquire IPv4 addresses. Barring a few high-profile exceptions, IPv4 transfers have largely flown under the radar. In this work, we use the lists of transfers published by three RIRs to characterize the transfer market - the types of players involved, the sizes and characteristics of transferred address blocks, and visible effects on the routing table. Next, we take first steps toward detecting address transfers using BGP data from the Routeviews and RIPE repositories from 2004-2013. We identify reasons why legitimate changes in prefix origin could be confused as transfers, and implement a series of 10 filters that remove 86\% of candidate transfers. We find the remaining number of inferred transfers is increasing over time. We could confirm few (0.16\%) of these transfers using RIR-published transfer lists; while our inference methodology undoubtedly yields false positives, a black market for IPv4 transfers may exist as well.},
	keywords = {Conference},
	isbn = {978-1-4503-2101-3},
	author = {Livadariu, Ioana and Elmokashfi, Ahmed and Dhamdhere, Amogh and Claffy, Kc},
	editor = {Papagiannaki, Dina and Misra, Vishal}
}
@inproceedings {Simula.simula.1772,
	title = {Measuring the Deployment of IPv6: Topology, Routing and Performance},
	journal = {Proceeding IMC {\textquoteright}12 Proceedings of the 2012 ACM conference on Internet measurement conference},
	year = {2012},
	month = {November},
	pages = {537-550},
	publisher = {ACM},
	type = {Conference},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {We use historical BGP data and recent active measurements to analyze trends in the growth, structure, dynamics and performance of the evolving IPv6 Internet, and compare them to the evolution of IPv4. We find that the IPv6 network is maturing, albeit slowly. While most core Internet transit providers have deployed IPv6, edge networks are lagging. Early IPv6 network deployment was stronger in Europe and the Asia-Pacific region, than in North America. Current IPv6 network deployment still shows the same pattern. The IPv6 topology is characterized by a single dominant player - Hurricane Electric - which appears in a large fraction of IPv6 AS paths, and is more dominant in IPv6 than the most dominant player in IPv4. Routing dynamics in the IPv6 topology are largely similar to those in IPv4, and churn in both networks grows at the same rate as the underlying topologies. Our measurements suggest that performance over IPv6 paths is comparable to that over IPv4 paths if the AS-level paths are the same, but can be much worse than IPv4 if the AS-level paths differ.},
	isbn = {978-1-4503-1705-4},
	author = {Dhamdhere, Amogh and Luckie, Matthew and Huffaker, Bradley and Claffy, Kc and Elmokashfi, Ahmed and Aben, Emile}
}
@inproceedings {livadariu2018inferring,
	title = {Inferring carrier-grade NAT deployment in the wild},
	journal = {IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM)},
	author = {Livadariu, Ioana and Benson, Karyn and Elmokashfi, Ahmed and Dainotti, Alberto and Dhamdhere, Amogh}
}
