@article {25455,
	title = {A Hybrid Architecture Framework for Simulations in a Service-Oriented Environment},
	journal = {Systems Engineering},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2017},
	month = {07/2017},
	pages = {235-256},
	publisher = {Wiley},
	abstract = {Service orientation, and more recently, the notions of cloud technology that service orientation enable, are designed to accommodate the need for flexible enterprise business processes. Through standardized interfaces, a service-oriented architecture (SOA) should enable one to build and rebuild software systems readily and rapidly in a methodological manner. However, certain domains have specialized architectural standards; an example in point is modeling and simulation (M\&amp;S), for which there exist mature architectural standards, that may even have many of the characteristics strived for in SOA. An important issue is, therefore, how to integrate specialized architectures into a wider SOA. Using defense information systems and M\&amp;S as a case, we outline a hybrid architecture framework for specialized architectures in an encompassing SOA. Although it may be possible to dissolve a specialized architecture into the encompassing SOA at implementation time, we argue that it is important to be able to model the specialized architecture as an integral intact part. We further advocate a pragmatic notion of reference architecture in terms of appropriate level of abstraction and domain specificity to avoid pitfalls that may render architecture work unusable.},
	issn = {1520-6858},
	doi = {10.1002/sys.21390 },
	url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sys.21390/abstract;jsessionid=01E67303DB2210DA93510424ED6D0887.f01t04},
	author = {Jo Erskine {Hannay} and Brathen, Karsten and Ole Martin {Mevassvik}}
}
@article {24654,
	title = {Agile requirements handling in a service-oriented taxonomy of capabilities},
	journal = {Requirements Engineering},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {1-26},
	publisher = {Springer},
	abstract = {To get to grips with information systemsportfolio development, strategic decisions tend towardservice orientation and cloud deployment. Functionalityshould be presented as services that can be consumedfrom secure clouds in a range of contexts, and serviceorientedarchitectures should enable one to build andrebuild systems portfolios readily and rapidly. However,there is little practical guidance on how to organize andcoordinate the multiple lines of work that developing, ormodernizing to, a service-oriented portfolio entails. Weoutline a method framework that uses the structure ofa service-oriented taxonomy of capabilities to organizerequirements and development in terms of elaborationand refinement of requirements. The method compilesseveral best practices, and supports independent, butintegral, lines of work that can be organized in smallscaleprojects. We illustrate the framework on threecases that involve computer- and simulation-assistedbusiness processes. We conclude that service-orientedcapability taxonomies can be used to structure and disciplinerequirements handling at all levels; from enterprisestrategy to technical systems.We suggest that ourframework supports the development of capabilities andservices that are persistent in the service-oriented senserelative to each other and to implementation. We suggestfurther that the framework supports collaborativework by facilitating shared conceptions across lines ofwork. We emphasize that empirical studies should beconducted to evaluate and refine the framework.},
	doi = {10.1007/s00766-016-0244-8},
	url = {http://rdcu.be/nB7c},
	author = {Jo Erskine {Hannay} and Brathen, Karsten and Ole Martin {Mevassvik}}
}
@inproceedings {24655,
	title = {On How Simulations Can Support Adaptive Thinking in Operations Planning},
	journal = {NATO Modelling and Simulation Group Symp. M\&S Support to Operational Tasks Including War Gaming, Logistics, Cyber Defence (MSG-133)},
	year = {2015},
	publisher = {NATO Science and Technology Organization},
	abstract = {Modern operations planning directives have well-defined stages for developing, testing and rehearsing plans. At\&nbsp;the same time, it is acknowledged that warfare is highly unpredictable and hard to plan. However, it is also\&nbsp;acknowledged that the planning process in itself gives insights that may prepare for unpredictable situations. We\&nbsp;outline how simulations might support and augment operations planning processes by supporting and developing\&nbsp;so-called adaptive thinking. In particular, simulation-supported course of action analysis enables multiple trials and\&nbsp;analyses, which, (1) enables planners to investigate a larger number of COAs with consequences, thereby broadening\&nbsp;the perspective of planners to the possibility of diverse outcomes, (2) may include critical cases generalizable to\&nbsp;ranges of COAs, and (3) may include elements targeted to induce adaptive thinking directly. The latter may employ\&nbsp;artificial elements to target task processes central to adaptive performance. We conclude that so-called passive\&nbsp;decision support systems in a case-driven simulation mode is appropriate for enhancing adaptive thinking.},
	author = {Jo Erskine {Hannay} and Brathen, Karsten and Jens Inge {Hynd{\o}y}}
}
@inproceedings {24658,
	title = {Live, Virtual, Constructive (LVC) simulation for land operations training: Concept Development \& Experimentation (CD\&E)},
	journal = {NATO Modelling and Simulation Group Symp. Integrating Modelling \& Simulation in the Defence Acquisition Lifecycle and Military Training Curriculum (MSG-126)},
	year = {2014},
	publisher = {NATO Science and Technology Organization},
	abstract = {Augmenting and extending military training by combining Live, Virtual and Constructive (LVC) simulation is thought to yield a range of benefits. A Concept Development and Experimentation (CD\&amp;E) activity was initiated to investigate the feasibility of complementing the Live training range at The Norwegian Army Combat \&amp; Manoeuvre Training Centre (NACMTC) with Virtual and Constructive simulations of BLUEFOR and OPFOR vehicles, UAV and artillery. The focus was on leadership training, and the military situation was augmented by activating contextual forces from the scenario and introducing more resources to administrate. The LVC simulation system prototype was run as a trial during an actual military exercise over four days. We found that the prototype did enable enhanced training, and that it is feasible and desirable to establish the LVC capability in full. Further, it is desirable to extend the LVC capability with augmented reality for Live forces and Joint Terminal Attack Controller (JTAC)/Close Air Support (CAS) simulation. We found it premature to evaluate the effect of LVC simulation training; because this is a longer-term activity, and because of a lack of validated instruments for measuring skill acquisition; in particular for decision making and judgement tasks. We conclude that there is a clear desire among operational personnel to acquire the LVC capabilities, and that several aspects of the capabilities can be established quickly. However, the use of LVC simulation for training and education must be mandated at all levels and incorporated explicitly in training plans and curricula, with a sufficient business case, so that political decisions for acquiring LVC capabilities can be made.},
	author = {Jo Erskine {Hannay} and Ole Martin {Mevassvik} and Skjeltorp, Arild and Brathen, Karsten}
}
