@article {43096,
	title = {Human brain solute transport quantified by glymphatic MRI-informed biophysics during sleep and sleep deprivation},
	journal = {Fluids and Barriers of the Central Nervous System},
	year = {2023},
	month = {08/2023},
	publisher = {Springer Nature},
	abstract = {Human brain homeostasis requires carefully regulated transport of nutrients and waste, but its governing mechanisms are hard to quantify. By combining multi-modal gMRI data over 48 hours with high-fidelity inverse computational modelling, we here identify several potential transport mechanisms that best explain the clinical observations. Our findings support the combined roles of local, vascular and glymphatic-type clearance pathways within human brain tissue with tissue flow velocities on the order of $\mu$m/min, local clearance rates at the order of 10**(-3)/min, and\&nbsp;enhanced diffusion by a factor 3.5, in sleeping and sleep-deprived subjects. Reduced advection fully explains reduced tracer clearance after sleep-deprivation, supporting the role of sleep and sleep deprivation on human brain clearance.},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.01.522190},
	author = {Vinje, Vegard and Zapf, Bastian and Ringstad, Geir and Per Kristian {Eide} and Marie E. {Rognes} and Mardal, Kent-Andre}
}
@article {27807,
	title = {Sleep deprivation impairs molecular clearance from the human brain},
	journal = {Brain},
	volume = {144},
	year = {2021},
	month = {04/2021},
	pages = {863-874},
	publisher = {Oxford Academic},
	address = {Brain},
	abstract = {It remains an enigma why human beings spend one-third of their life asleep. Experimental data suggest that sleep is required for clearance of waste products from brain metabolism. This has, however, never been verified in humans. The primary aim of the present study was to examine in vivo whether one night of total sleep deprivation affects molecular clearance from the human brain. Secondarily, we examined whether clearance was affected by subsequent sleep. Multiphase MRI with standardized T1 sequences was performed up to 48 h after intrathecal administration of the contrast agent gadobutrol (0.5 ml of 1 mmol/ml), which served as a tracer molecule. Using FreeSurfer software, we quantified tracer enrichment within 85 brain regions as percentage change from baseline of normalized T1 signals. The cerebral tracer enrichment was compared between two cohorts of individuals; one cohort (n = 7) underwent total sleep deprivation from Day 1 to Day 2 (sleep deprivation group) while an age and gender-matched control group (n = 17; sleep group) was allowed free sleep from Day 1 to Day 2. From Day 2 to 3 all individuals were allowed free sleep. The tracer enriched the brains of the two groups similarly. Sleep deprivation was the sole intervention. One night of sleep deprivation impaired clearance of the tracer substance from most brain regions, including the cerebral cortex, white matter and limbic structures, as demonstrated on the morning of Day 2 after intervention (sleep deprivation/sleep). Moreover, the impaired cerebral clearance in the sleep deprivation group was not compensated by subsequent sleep from Day 2 to 3. The present results provide in vivo evidence that one night of total sleep deprivation impairs molecular clearance from the human brain, and that humans do not catch up on lost sleep.},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awaa443},
	author = {Per Kristian {Eide} and Vinje, Vegard and Are Hugo {Pripp} and Mardal, Kent-Andre and Geir Andre {Ringstad}}
}
@article {25857,
	title = {Respiratory influence on cerebrospinal fluid flow {\textendash} a computational study based on long-term intracranial pressure measurements},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {07/2019},
	pages = {9732},
	publisher = {Springer Nature},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-46055-5},
	author = {Vinje, Vegard and Geir A. {Ringstad} and Erika Kristina {Lindstr{\o}m} and Lars Magnus {Valnes} and Marie E. {Rognes} and Per Kristian {Eide} and Mardal, Kent-Andre}
}
@article {25781,
	title = {Comparison of phase-contrast MR and flow simulations for the study of CSF dynamics in the cervical spine},
	journal = {The Neuroradiology Journal},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {292-298},
	publisher = { SAGE Publications},
	doi = {10.1177/1971400918759812},
	author = {Erika Kristina {Lindstr{\o}m} and Schreiner, Jakob and Ringstad, Geir and Haughton, Victor and Per Kristian {Eide} and Mardal, Kent-Andre}
}
@misc {26016,
	title = {The Influence of Breathing on Cerebrospinal Fluid Movement in the Brain},
	howpublished = {Glasgow, United Kingdom},
	year = {2018},
	type = {Minisymposium at the ECCOMAS: ECCM - ECFD conference},
	author = {Vinje, Vegard and Geir Andre {Ringstad} and Marie E. {Rognes} and Per Kristian {Eide} and Mardal, Kent-Andre}
}
@misc {26046,
	title = {Respiratory influence on intracranial pressure gradients and aqueductal flow in normal pressure hydrocephalus},
	year = {2018},
	month = {07/2018},
	type = {Poster Presentation at World Congress of Biomechanics},
	address = {Dublin, Ireland},
	abstract = {Phase contrast MRI does not take into account the role of respiration on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow. We used in vivo pressure measurements from two locations in the intracranial space to calculate a pulsatile pressure gradient. This pressure data was used as input to an idealized model of the aqueduct to calculate CSF flow. We found the cardiac and respiratory cycle to contribute equally to CSF flow. The total flow volume was dominated by respiration, and all subjects showed variability in pressure gradients over time resulting also in variability in CSF flow.},
	url = {https://app.oxfordabstracts.com/stages/123/programme-builder/submission/20200?backHref=/events/123/programme-builder/view/sort/topic\&view=published},
	author = {Vinje, Vegard and Ringstad, Geir and Marie E. {Rognes} and Per Kristian {Eide} and Mardal, Kent-Andre}
}
@article {24810,
	title = {Non-invasive Assessment of Pulsatile Intracranial Pressure with Phase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging},
	journal = {PLoS ONE},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {e0188896},
	publisher = {PLOS ONE},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0188896},
	author = {Ringstad, Geir and Lindstr{\o}m, Erika and Svein Are {Vatnehol} and Mardal, Kent-Andre and Emblem, Kyrre and Per Kristian {Eide}}
}
@misc {25579,
	title = {Is Respiration the main driver of CSF Flow?},
	howpublished = {International Convention Center, Kobe, Japan},
	year = {2017},
	type = {Seminar, Annual Meeting (IHIWG group)},
	abstract = {Recent studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have suggested cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) motion caused by respiration to play a more important role than previously thought. The cardiac cycle of CSF motion is used clinically, often to predict which hydrocephalus patients will respond to shunting and who will not.This talk asks the question whether CSF flow could also be regulated by the longer respiratory cycle. To assess this question we applied in vivo pressure measurements to a simplification of the spinal canal and the aqueduct. From this we can measure the amplitude of the flow components induced by the cardiac and respiratory cycle respectively.In our study the amplitude of CSF motion was higher for respiration in the spinal canal, and in the aqueduct cardiac the two amplitudes were approximately equal.This is a starting work, so no conclusions can be made yet. We emphasize the point that it is possible for small and long pressure waves in respiration to cause greater flow than a short cardiac pressure wave with a greater amplitude.\&nbsp;},
	keywords = {Brain, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Pulsation, Respiration, Spinal Cord},
	author = {Vinje, Vegard},
	editor = {Per Kristian {Eide} and Marie E. {Rognes} and Mardal, Kent-Andre}
}
@article {24822,
	title = {Association of pulse pressure gradient across cranio-cervical junction as derived from phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging and invasively measured pulsatile intracranial pressure   in symptomatic patients with  Chiari malformation type 1},
	journal = {Acta Neurochirurgica},
	volume = {158},
	year = {2016},
	publisher = {Springer},
	author = {Fric, Radek and Erika Kristina {Lindstr{\o}m} and Ringstad, Geir and Mardal, Kent-Andre and Per Kristian {Eide}}
}
@article {24800,
	title = {Computational Investigation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics in the Posterior Cranial Fossa and Cervical Subarachnoid Space in Patients with Chiari I Malformation},
	journal = {PLOS ONE},
	volume = {11},
	number = {10},
	year = {2016},
	publisher = {PLOS ONE},
	author = {St{\o}verud, Karen-Helene and Hans Petter {Langtangen} and Geir A. {Ringstad} and Per Kristian {Eide} and Mardal, Kent-Andre}
}
@misc {csf-symp,
	title = {On the complexity of the Cerebrospinal fluid flow in the upper spinal column {\textendash} is the assumption of laminar flow appropriate?},
	howpublished = {Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics Society Meeting, Amiens},
	year = {2015},
	type = {Invited talk},
	author = {Mardal, Kent-Andre and Jain, Kartik and St{\o}verud, Karen-Helene and Ringstad, Geir and Per Kristian {Eide}}
}
@misc {Simula.simula.2918,
	title = {CSF Flow at Foramen Magnum},
	howpublished = {International Hydrocephalus Imaging Working Group,Montreal, Canada},
	year = {2014},
	author = {Mardal, Kent-Andre and St{\o}verud, Karen-Helene and Ringstad, Geir and Per Kristian {Eide}}
}
