@inproceedings {42734,
	title = {Network Path Integrity Verification using Deterministic Delay Measurements},
	journal = {TMA Conference 2022},
	year = {2022},
	publisher = {IEEE/IFIP},
	abstract = {With the intuition that every device on the data path contributes to the end-to-end delay, we propose a simple and deterministic measurement-based approach for detecting the insertion of a layer-2 switch on the data path of a network operator.\&nbsp;For this purpose, we use commodity hardware and the standard ping tool for collecting ICMP RTTs.\&nbsp;To minimise inaccuracies in the measurements, we increase timing determinism on both ICMP source and target by using a real-time kernel on both, a dedicated source (a Linux server) and target (an RPI4 with custom image). Additionally, we manipulate real-time attributes for prioritising the ping process. By using this approach on different loaded networks: lab, campus network,\&nbsp; research and education network and an ISP, we are able to reliably detect that a switch was added at the end of the path or within it.Our method yields an excellent performance on\&nbsp; networks with considerable cross traffic as well as lightly loaded networks.\&nbsp;},
	keywords = {alien switch, deterministic RTT, network},
	isbn = {978-3-903176-47-8},
	author = {Arouna, Alfred and Bj{\o}rnstad, Steinar and S. J. {Ryan} and Dreibholz, Thomas and Sobia, Rind and Elmokashfi, Ahmed}
}
@inproceedings {ND.6.Ryan.1997,
	title = {An Operating System Independent Driver for an I/O Based SCI Interface},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on SCI-based High-performance Low-Cost Computing},
	year = {1997},
	month = {March,},
	type = {1},
	author = {S. J. {Ryan} and Maus, Arne and Gjessing, Stein}
}
@inproceedings {ND.5.Ryan.1996,
	title = {Cluster Communication Using a PCI to SCI Interface},
	journal = {Proceedings IASTED International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing and Systems},
	year = {1996},
	month = {Oktober,},
	pages = {283-289},
	type = {1},
	address = {Chicago, Illinois, USA},
	author = {S. J. {Ryan} and Gjessing, Stein and Liaaen, Marius}
}
