@article {Simula.mpg.12,
	title = {Audio-Visual Identification of Place of Articulation and Voicing in White and Babble Noise},
	journal = {Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	volume = {126},
	number = {1},
	year = {2009},
	month = {July},
	pages = {377-387},
	publisher = {Acoustical Society of America},
	abstract = {Research shows that noise and phonetic attributes influence the degree to which auditory and visual modalities are used in audio-visual speech perception (AVSP). Research has, however, mainly focused on white noise and single phonetic attributes, thus neglecting the more common babble noise and possible interactions between phonetic attributes. This study explores whether white and babble noise differentially influence AVSP and whether these differences depend on phonetic attributes. White and babble noise of 0 and {-}12 dB signal-to-noise ratio were added to congruent and incongruent audio-visual stop consonant-vowel stimuli. The audio (A) and video (V) of incongruent stimuli differed either in place of articulation (POA) or voicing. Responses from 15 young adults show that, compared to white noise, babble resulted in more audio responses for POA stimuli, and fewer for voicing stimuli. Voiced syllables received more audio responses than voiceless syllables. Results can be attributed to discrepancies in the acoustic spectra of both the noise and speech target. Voiced consonants may be more auditorily salient than voiceless consonants which are more spectrally similar to white noise. Visual cues contribute to identification of voicing, but only if the POA is visually salient and auditorily susceptible to the noise type.},
	doi = {10.1121/1.3129508},
	author = {Alm, Magnus and Dawn Marie {Behne} and Wang, Yue and Eg, Ragnhild}
}
