@inproceedings { OFS2023,
	title = {Detecting Physical Impacts by Monitoring State of Polarisation in a Live Fibre-To-The-Home Data-Communication Air-Cable},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors~(OFS)},
	year = {2023},
	month = {11/2023},
	publisher = {OPTICA},
	address = {Hamamatsu, Shizuoka/Japan},
	abstract = {Heavy wind may tear cables down, damaging infrastructure, triggering outage in data-communication networks. We demonstrate local observations of wind in the access-network, monitoring State of Polarisation in a live Fiber-To-The-Home air-cable.},
	keywords = {Fibre-To-The-Home, Monitoring, State of Polarisation},
	author = {Bj{\o}rnstad, Steinar and Ali, Jameel and Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@inproceedings { ICTON2023,
	title = {A Scalable Data Collection System for Continuous State of Polarisation Monitoring},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)},
	year = {2023},
	month = {07/2023},
	address = {Bucharest/Romania},
	abstract = {Our dependency on the telecommunication infrastructure is continuously increasing, as different infrastructures {\textendash} such as energy and telecommunication {\textendash} now have mutual dependencies. This calls for increased monitoring of the fibre network, which is a highly critical part of the infrastructure. State of Polarisation (SoP) of light propagating through fibre transmission systems is impacted by any vibrations and mechanical impacts on the fibre. By continuously monitoring the SoP, any unexpected movements of a fibre along a fibre-path may be traced. Movements may be caused by e.g. work in node-rooms impacting patch-cords, trawlers or other types of sub-sea equipment touching or hooking into sub-sea fibre cables, digging close to a fibre-cable, or geophysical phenomena like earthquakes. In this paper, we describe a low-cost, scalable system for SoP monitoring and give examples of patterns monitored in different types of fibre infrastructures. The monitoring system consists of single-unit rack-mount instruments connected to taps from live optical transmission signals. Each instrument has local storage for 1-2 years of data, and is periodically automatically uploading data to a server for backup and data-access purposes. Examples of observed patterns are impact from a thunderstorm on a Fibre-To-The-Home (FTTH) cable, 50 Hz on a fibre-cable spun around a high-voltage power air-cable, as well as animal impact on a patch-cord.},
	keywords = {Critical Infrastructure, Monitoring, State of Polarisation},
	author = {Bj{\o}rnstad, Steinar and Ali, Jameel and Dreibholz, Thomas and S{\ae}thre, Erik}
}
@inproceedings { ConTEL2023,
	title = {A Scalable Infrastructure for Continuous State of Polarisation Monitoring for Revealing Security and Vulnerability Impacts in Optical Networks},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Telecommunications (ConTEL)},
	year = {2023},
	month = {07/2023},
	publisher = { IEEE},
	address = {Graz, Steiermark/Austria},
	abstract = {Optical networks are spanning the world. They are the main medium for carrying all types of data-traffic. From a vulnerability and security perspective, it is therefore the most important part of the network to protect against any physical impacts that may cause disruptions or security incidents. In this paper, we demonstrate and describe a scalable, low-cost monitoring system based on detecting the state of polarisation in the fibre cables. We give examples on how any direct movement of fibre-cables or fibre-cords as well as indirect vibrations on the cable can be detected, and how basic characteristics in the patterns can be used for recognition of these events.},
	keywords = {Hardware, Infrastructure, Monitoring, Software, State of Polarisation},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas and Bj{\o}rnstad, Steinar and Ali, Jameel}
}
