@article { ToMC2023,
	title = {Bottleneck Identification in Cloudified Mobile Networks based on Distributed Telemetry},
	journal = {Transactions on Mobile Computing},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {1{\textendash}18},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	abstract = {Cloudified mobile networks are expected to deliver a multitude of services with reduced capital and operating expenses. A characteristic example is 5G networks serving several slices in parallel. Such mobile networks, therefore, need to ensure that the SLAs of customised end-to-end sliced services are met. This requires monitoring the resource usage and characteristics of data flows at the virtualised network core, as well as tracking the performance of the radio interfaces and UEs. A centralised monitoring architecture can not scale to support millions of UEs though. This paper, proposes a 2-stage distributed telemetry framework in which UEs act as early warning sensors. After UEs flag an anomaly, a ML model is activated, at network controller, to attribute the cause of the anomaly. The framework achieves 85\% F1-score in detecting anomalies caused by different bottlenecks, and an overall 89\% F1-score in attributing these bottlenecks. This accuracy of our distributed framework is similar to that of a centralised monitoring system, but with no overhead of transmitting UE-based telemetry data to the centralised controller. The study also finds that passive in-band network telemetry has the potential to replace active monitoring and can further reduce the overhead of a network monitoring system.},
	keywords = {Anomaly, Bottleneck, classification, congestion, Mobile Cloud Network, Telemetry},
	issn = {1558-0660},
	doi = {10.1109/TMC.2023.3312051},
	url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=\&arnumber=10239332},
	author = {Fida, Mah-rukh and Azza Hassan Moh {Ahmed} and Dreibholz, Thomas and Andr{\'e}s Felipe {Ocampo} and Ahmed Mustafa {Elmokashfi} and Foivos Ioannis {Michelinakis}}
}
@inproceedings { OFS2023,
	title = {Detecting Physical Impacts by Monitoring State of Polarisation in a Live Fibre-To-The-Home Data-Communication Air-Cable},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors~(OFS)},
	year = {2023},
	month = {11/2023},
	publisher = {OPTICA},
	address = {Hamamatsu, Shizuoka/Japan},
	abstract = {Heavy wind may tear cables down, damaging infrastructure, triggering outage in data-communication networks. We demonstrate local observations of wind in the access-network, monitoring State of Polarisation in a live Fiber-To-The-Home air-cable.},
	keywords = {Fibre-To-The-Home, Monitoring, State of Polarisation},
	author = {Bj{\o}rnstad, Steinar and Ali, Jameel and Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@inproceedings { SoftCOM2023-Timestamping,
	title = {High-Precision Round-Trip Time Measurements in the Internet with HiPerConTracer},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM)},
	year = {2023},
	month = {09/2023},
	publisher = { IEEE},
	address = {Split, Dalmacija/Croatia},
	abstract = {Accurately measuring Round-Trip Times (RTT) for Internet communications is important for various research topics, ranging from protocol performance and congestion control to routing and network security. Unix systems, particularly Linux and FreeBSD, provide some features to obtain network packet timing information, but there is a lack of documentation for these. With High-Performance Connectivity Tracer (HiPerConTracer), there is already an open source tool for running large-scale, long-running and high-frequency ICMP Ping and Traceroute measurements. However, it lacks support of high-precision timing. As part of this paper, first the network packet timestamping features of Unix systems are analysed and introduced, to provide the reader with a detailed overview over the available methods, their usage, as well as their limitations. Then, enhancements to HiPerConTracer are presented for adding high-precision timestamping support, as well as a UDP module to also perform UDP Ping and Traceroute measurements. Finally, the newly added features are demonstrated in a proof-of-concept analysis.},
	keywords = {HiPerConTracer, Internet, Measurement, Packet Timestamping, Round-Trip Time, Tools},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@inproceedings { SoftCOM2023-Demo,
	title = {A Live Demonstration of HiPerConTracer 2.0},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM)},
	year = {2023},
	month = {09/2023},
	address = {Split/Croatia},
	abstract = {HiPerConTracer is an open source tool for large-scale, long-term, high-frequency Ping and Traceroute measurements. Using such measurements, it is possible to obtain information about latency in the network, as well as about the actual routing. This proposed live demo provides an overview over the tool and its features, as well as an introduction of how to use it for performing measurements, storing the results, querying selected results, and post-processing them for visualisation.},
	keywords = {HiPerConTracer, Internet, Measurement, Round-Trip Time, Tools, Traceroute},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@techreport {43215,
	title = {Norske mobilnett i 2022},
	journal = {Tilstandsrapport fra Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Center for Resilient Networks and Applications},
	year = {2023},
	note = {},
	month = {05/2023},
	publisher = {Simula},
	address = {Oslo, Norway},
	abstract = {Denne rapporten er utarbeidet av Center for Resilient Networks and Applications (CRNA), som er en del av Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering. CRNA driver grunnleggende forskning innen robusthet og sikkerhet i nettverk med mandat og finansiering fra kommunal- og moderniseringsdepartementet. Senteret produserer en {\r a}rlig rapport om tilstanden i norske mobilnett. {\r A}rets rapport er den tiende i rekken.},
	keywords = {Mobile networks, Performance, Stability},
	isbn = {978-82-92593-38-7},
	url = {https://www.simulamet.no/sites/default/files/norske_mobilnett2022.pdf},
	author = {Cicic, Tarik and Kvalbein, Amund and Anas Saeed {Al-Selwi} and Foivos Ioannis {Michelinakis} and Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@inproceedings { ISCC2023,
	title = {Proactive Resource Orchestration Framework for Cloud/Fog Platform},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 28th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC)},
	year = {2023},
	publisher = { IEEE},
	address = {Tunis/Tunisia},
	abstract = {Cloud computing makes complex computing an off-premise activity by offering software- and hardware-based services using standard security protocols over the Internet. It has been seen that the cloud is not ideal for latency-sensitive applications. Thanks to the current growth of network communication and infrastructure, fog adds a computing resource delegation layer between the user and the cloud. Fog aims to improve latency-sensitive applications support. Here, we propose one unified, proactive resource orchestration framework from a cloud/fog service provider perspective. The framework consists of a predictor and a resource allocator module. Users subscribe to these resources to execute their applications. The framework does not require application-specific information and is modular, meaning a service provider can customise each module. We have presented the framework prototype by showing each module{\textquoteright}s simulated performance results using the parameters of our cloud/fog research test bed.},
	keywords = {Cloud, Fog, Orchestration, Prediction, Resource Allocation},
	author = {Mazumdar, Somnath and Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@inproceedings { ICTON2023,
	title = {A Scalable Data Collection System for Continuous State of Polarisation Monitoring},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)},
	year = {2023},
	month = {07/2023},
	address = {Bucharest/Romania},
	abstract = {Our dependency on the telecommunication infrastructure is continuously increasing, as different infrastructures {\textendash} such as energy and telecommunication {\textendash} now have mutual dependencies. This calls for increased monitoring of the fibre network, which is a highly critical part of the infrastructure. State of Polarisation (SoP) of light propagating through fibre transmission systems is impacted by any vibrations and mechanical impacts on the fibre. By continuously monitoring the SoP, any unexpected movements of a fibre along a fibre-path may be traced. Movements may be caused by e.g. work in node-rooms impacting patch-cords, trawlers or other types of sub-sea equipment touching or hooking into sub-sea fibre cables, digging close to a fibre-cable, or geophysical phenomena like earthquakes. In this paper, we describe a low-cost, scalable system for SoP monitoring and give examples of patterns monitored in different types of fibre infrastructures. The monitoring system consists of single-unit rack-mount instruments connected to taps from live optical transmission signals. Each instrument has local storage for 1-2 years of data, and is periodically automatically uploading data to a server for backup and data-access purposes. Examples of observed patterns are impact from a thunderstorm on a Fibre-To-The-Home (FTTH) cable, 50 Hz on a fibre-cable spun around a high-voltage power air-cable, as well as animal impact on a patch-cord.},
	keywords = {Critical Infrastructure, Monitoring, State of Polarisation},
	author = {Bj{\o}rnstad, Steinar and Ali, Jameel and Dreibholz, Thomas and S{\ae}thre, Erik}
}
@inproceedings { ConTEL2023,
	title = {A Scalable Infrastructure for Continuous State of Polarisation Monitoring for Revealing Security and Vulnerability Impacts in Optical Networks},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Telecommunications (ConTEL)},
	year = {2023},
	month = {07/2023},
	publisher = { IEEE},
	address = {Graz, Steiermark/Austria},
	abstract = {Optical networks are spanning the world. They are the main medium for carrying all types of data-traffic. From a vulnerability and security perspective, it is therefore the most important part of the network to protect against any physical impacts that may cause disruptions or security incidents. In this paper, we demonstrate and describe a scalable, low-cost monitoring system based on detecting the state of polarisation in the fibre cables. We give examples on how any direct movement of fibre-cables or fibre-cords as well as indirect vibrations on the cable can be detected, and how basic characteristics in the patterns can be used for recognition of these events.},
	keywords = {Hardware, Infrastructure, Monitoring, Software, State of Polarisation},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas and Bj{\o}rnstad, Steinar and Ali, Jameel}
}
@inproceedings { SEAA2023,
	title = {Towards A Data Privacy-Aware Execution Zone Creation on Cloud/Fog Platform},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 49th Euromicro Conference Series on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA)},
	year = {2023},
	publisher = { IEEE},
	address = {Durr{\"e}s/Albania},
	abstract = {Cloud computing is now a {\textquoteleft}go-to{\textquoteright} platform for running various types of application. A wide spectrum of users needing software and hardware resources have embraced the cloud. Following the cloud business model, one is either a cloud-based service provider or a cloud service (hardware and software) user. There is a continuous evolution in the cloud ecosystem to support the ever-changing features of user applications. The cloud ecosystem has added a new resource delegation model to accommodate such new requirements. This new resource delegation model is known as fog. Both cloud and fog platforms employ complex hardware and software to provide better run-time support for applications. This paper presents a message-based privacy-aware application execution zone management framework for the cloud/fog platform. The framework aims to create a static execution zone based on the performance of the user application and the data privacy requirements. It also enables the user to set the resource termination conditions. Here, we have prototyped the proposed framework and showed how the proposed approach works with message structure and experiments with the P4 switch. We also present how the prototype could be implemented on a cloud/fog platform.},
	keywords = {Cloud, Data, Fog, Message, Privacy, resource management},
	author = {Mazumdar, Somnath and Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@article { IoT2023,
	title = {Towards a Lightweight Task Scheduling Framework for Cloud and Edge Platform},
	journal = {Internet of Things; Engineering Cyber Physical Human Systems},
	year = {2023},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	abstract = {Mobile devices are becoming ubiquitous in our daily lives, but they have limited computational capacity. Thanks to the advancement in the network infrastructure, task offloading from resource-constrained devices to the near edge and the cloud becomes possible and advantageous. Complete task offloading is now possible to almost limitless computing resources of public cloud platforms. Generally, the edge computing resources support latency-sensitive applications with limited computing resources, while the cloud supports latency-tolerant applications. This paper proposes one lightweight task-scheduling framework from cloud service provider perspective, for applications using both cloud and edge platforms. Here, the challenge is using edge and cloud resources efficiently when necessary. Such decisions have to be made quickly, with a small management overhead. Our framework aims at solving two research questions. They are: i) How to distribute tasks to the edge resource pools and multi-clouds? ii) How to manage these resource pools effectively with low overheads? To answer these two questions, we examine the performance of our proposed framework based on Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool). We have shown via simulations that RSerPool, with the correct usage and configuration of pool member selection policies, can accomplish the cloud/edge setup resource selection task with a small overhead.},
	keywords = {Cloud computing, Edge Computing, Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool), Resource Pools, Task Scheduling},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas and Mazumdar, Somnath}
}
@article { TNSM2022,
	title = {AI Anomaly Detection for Cloudified Mobile Core Architectures},
	journal = {Transactions on Network and Service Management},
	year = {2022},
	month = {08/2022},
	publisher = { IEEE},
	address = {Los Alamitos, California/U.S.A.},
	abstract = {IT systems monitoring is a crucial process for managing and orchestrating network resources, allowing network providers to rapidly detect and react to most impediment causing network degradation. However, the high growth in size and complexity of current operational networks (2022) demands new solutions to process huge amounts of data (including alarms) reliably and swiftly. Further, as the network becomes progressively more virtualized, the hosting of nfv on cloud environments adds a magnitude of possible bottlenecks outside the control of the service owners. In this paper, we propose two deep learning anomaly detection solutions that leverage service exposure and apply it to automate the detection of service degradation and root cause discovery in a cloudified mobile network that is orchestrated by ETSI OSM. A testbed is built to validate these AI models. The testbed collects monitoring data from the OSM monitoring module, which is then exposed to the external AI anomaly detection modules, tuned to identify the anomalies and the network services causing them. The deep learning solutions are tested using various artificially induced bottlenecks. The AI solutions are shown to correctly detect anomalies and identify the network components involved in the bottlenecks, with certain limitations in a particular type of bottlenecks. A discussion of the right monitoring tools to identify concrete bottlenecks is provided.},
	keywords = {5G, AI, Anomaly detection, Autoencoders, deep learning, Mobile networks, Smart Networks},
	issn = {1932-4537},
	doi = {10.1109/TNSM.2022.3203246},
	author = {Foivos Ioannis {Michelinakis} and Joan Sebasti{\`a} {Pujol-Roig} and Malacarne, Sara and Xie, Min and Dreibholz, Thomas and Majumdar, Sayantini and Wint Yi {Poe} and Patounas, Georgios and Guerrero, Carmen and Elmokashfi, Ahmed and Theodorou, Vasileios}
}
@misc { OSMHackfest13,
	title = {Detecting Issues with In-Band Telemetry in OSM-Orchestrated Core Networks},
	howpublished = {ETSI, Virtual},
	year = {2022},
	publisher = {ETSI},
	type = {Demo presentation},
	address = {Virtual},
	abstract = {Open Source MANO is a helpful tool to manage and orchestrate the instantiation of core network setups, like Network Service (NS) instances of our SimulaMet OpenAirInterface Virtual Network Function (VNF) for Enhanced Packet Cores (EPC). We furthermore extended our NS with VNF instances of Programming Protocol-independent Packet Processors (P4) switches, in order to allow for in-band telemetry. With in-band telemetry, it is possible to flexibly add, process, and remove telemetry information to traffic within the packet core, in order to allow for fine-granular evaluation of the system performance and the users{\textquoteright} experienced quality of service. In our presentation and demo, we would like to provide an overview of our ongoing work on P4-based in-band telemetry in an OSM-orchestrated 4G core, which is used for detecting performance problems and anomalies in the network based on machine learning. We would furthermore like to demonstrate the details of our setup to the audience in a live demo.},
	keywords = {Anomaly detection, Network Function Virtualisation (NFV), Open Source MANO (OSM), P4, Telemetry},
	url = {http://osm-download.etsi.org/ftp/osm-11.0-eleven/OSM13_Ecosystem_Day/OSM\%2313\%20Ecosystem\%20Day\%20-\%20SIMULA.pdf},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas and Azza Hassan Moh {Ahmed} and Fida, Mah-rukh and Andr{\'e}s Felipe {Ocampo} and Foivos Ioannis {Michelinakis}}
}
@inproceedings { CNSM2022,
	title = {Find Out: How Do Your Data Packets Travel?},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM)},
	year = {2022},
	month = {11/2022},
	publisher = { IEEE},
	address = {Thessaloniki, Greece},
	abstract = {In today{\textquoteright}s communication-centric world, users generate and exchange a huge amount of data. The Internet helps user data to travel from one part of the world to another via a complex setting of network systems. These systems are intelligent, heterogeneous, and non-transparent to users. In this paper, we present an extensive trace-driven study of user data traffic covering five years of observations, six large ISPs, 21 different autonomous systems, and a total of 13 countries. The aim of this work is to make users aware about how their data travels in the Internet, as the data traffic path is majorly influenced by the interests of ISPs. We showed that shortest land distance between the two countries does not impact data path selection, while data traffic prefers to travel even though country do not share land borders.},
	keywords = {connectivity, Data, Internet, Packets, Routing, Traffic Paths},
	isbn = {978-3-903176-51-5},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas and Mazumdar, Somnath}
}
@inproceedings { LCN2022-DemoPaper,
	title = {A Live Demonstration of In-Band Telemetry in OSM-Orchestrated Core Networks},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 47th IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks~(LCN)},
	year = {2022},
	month = {09/2022},
	pages = {245{\textendash}247},
	publisher = { IEEE},
	address = {Edmonton, Alberta/Canada},
	abstract = {Network Function Virtualization is a key enabler to building future mobile networks in a flexible and cost-efficient way. Such a network is expected to manage and maintain itself with least human intervention. With early deployments of the fifth generation of mobile technologies {\textendash} 5G {\textendash} around the world, setting up 4G/5G experimental infrastructures is necessary to optimally design Self-Organising Networks~(SON). In this demo, we present a custom small-scale 4G/5G testbed. As a step towards self-healing, the testbed integrates four Programming Protocol-independent Packet Processors (P4) virtual switches, that are placed along interfaces between different components of transport and core network. This demo not only shows the administration and monitoring of the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) VNF components, using Open Source MANO, but also as a proof of concept for the potential of P4-based telemetry in detecting anomalous behaviour of the mobile network, such as a congestion in the transport part.},
	keywords = {Anomaly detection, Network Function Virtualisation (NFV), Open Source MANO (OSM), P4, Telemetry},
	isbn = {978-1-6654-8001-7},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas and Fida, Mah-rukh and Azza Hassan Moh {Ahmed} and Andr{\'e}s Felipe {Ocampo} and Foivos Ioannis {Michelinakis}}
}
@inproceedings { M2EC2022,
	title = {Load Distribution for Mobile Edge Computing with Reliable Server Pooling},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Recent Advances for Multi-Clouds and Mobile Edge Computing~(M2EC) in conjunction with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications~(AINA)},
	year = {2022},
	publisher = { Springer},
	address = {Sydney, New South Wales/Australia},
	abstract = {Energy-efficient computing model is a popular choice for high performance as well as throughput oriented computing ecosystems. Mobile (computing) devices are becoming increasingly ubiquitous to our computing domain, but with limited resources (true both for computation as well as for energy). Hence, workload offloading from resource-constrained mobile devices to the Edge and maybe (later) to the cloud become necessary as well as useful. Thanks to the persistent technical breakthroughs in global wireless standards (or in mobile networks) together with the almost limitless amount of resources in public cloud platforms, workload offloading is possible and cheaper. In such scenarios, Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) resources could be provisioned in proximity to the users for supporting latency-sensitive applications. Here, two relevant problems could be: i) How to distribute workload to the resource pools of MEC as well as public (multi-)clouds? ii) How to manage such resource pools effectively? To answer these problems in this paper, we examine the performance of our proposed approach using the Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool) framework in more detail. We also have outlined the resource pool management policies to effectively use RSerPool for workload offloading from mobile devices into the cloud/MEC ecosystem.},
	keywords = {Cloud computing, Load Distribution, Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), Multi-Cloud Computing, Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool), Serverless Computing},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas and Mazumdar, Somnath}
}
@inproceedings {42734,
	title = {Network Path Integrity Verification using Deterministic Delay Measurements},
	journal = {TMA Conference 2022},
	year = {2022},
	publisher = {IEEE/IFIP},
	abstract = {With the intuition that every device on the data path contributes to the end-to-end delay, we propose a simple and deterministic measurement-based approach for detecting the insertion of a layer-2 switch on the data path of a network operator.\&nbsp;For this purpose, we use commodity hardware and the standard ping tool for collecting ICMP RTTs.\&nbsp;To minimise inaccuracies in the measurements, we increase timing determinism on both ICMP source and target by using a real-time kernel on both, a dedicated source (a Linux server) and target (an RPI4 with custom image). Additionally, we manipulate real-time attributes for prioritising the ping process. By using this approach on different loaded networks: lab, campus network,\&nbsp; research and education network and an ISP, we are able to reliably detect that a switch was added at the end of the path or within it.Our method yields an excellent performance on\&nbsp; networks with considerable cross traffic as well as lightly loaded networks.\&nbsp;},
	keywords = {alien switch, deterministic RTT, network},
	isbn = {978-3-903176-47-8},
	author = {Arouna, Alfred and Bj{\o}rnstad, Steinar and S. J. {Ryan} and Dreibholz, Thomas and Sobia, Rind and Elmokashfi, Ahmed}
}
@misc { LCA2022,
	title = {NorNet {\textendash} A Linux- and Open-Source-Software-based International Platform for Networking Research},
	howpublished = {Linux Conference Australia, Virtual},
	year = {2022},
	publisher = {Linux Conference Australia},
	address = {Melbourne, Australia},
	abstract = {The NorNet testbed (https://www.nntb.no) is an Internet testbed platform for research on multi-homed systems. The particular property of multi-homed systems is to be connected to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP) simultaneously. Its initial purpose is of course to still provide connectivity in case of ISP/network failures. But does it really work that well, also with current protocols and applications? And redundancy does not come for free. A user connected to multiple ISPs will also receive multiple Internet bills each month. So, is there a possibility to make further use of multi-homing in the usual case where nothing goes wrong? Obviously, there are a lot of interesting research questions, which need to be examined in realistic Internet setups! Therefore, we are building up the NorNet open Internet testbed platform as a Linux- and Open-Source-software-based infrastructure, which currently spreads over multiple sites in different countries.

NorNet makes extensive use of advanced Linux features like Kernel-based Virtualisation (KVM), Linux Containers (LXC), BTRFS file system features, IP routing rules, Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP), Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), and many more. The goal of this talk is therefore to present an overview of the testbed, its underlying Linux features, and how they are combined to provide the multi-homing features to the various testbed users. This particularly includes an overview of how to make use of multi-path transport with MPTCP {\textendash} based on the Linux MPTCP implementation {\textendash} in multi-homed environments. The idea is to provide guidelines for also utilising multi-homing features in own projects.
},
	keywords = {Linux, Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, NorNet, Open Source, Testbed},
	url = {https://lca2022.linux.org.au/schedule/presentation/52/},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@techreport { CRNA-Rapport2021,
	title = {Norske mobilnett i 2021 {\textendash} Tilstandsrapport fra Centre for Resilient Networks and Applications},
	year = {2022},
	publisher = {Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Centre for Resilient Networks and Applications~(CRNA)},
	address = {Oslo/Norway},
	abstract = {Denne rapporten er utarbeidet av Center for Resilient Networks and Applications (CRNA), som er en del av Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering. CRNA driver grunn- leggende forskning innen robusthet og sikker- het i nettverk med mandat og finansiering fra Kommunal- og moderniseringsdepartementet. Senteret produserer en {\r a}rlig rapport om tilstan- den i norske mobilnett. {\r A}rets rapport er den niende i rekken.},
	isbn = {82-92593-36-5},
	url = {https://www.simula.no/sites/default/files/norske_mobilnett_i_2021.pdf},
	author = {Elmokashfi, Ahmed and Kvalbein, Amund and Anas Saeed {Al-Selwi} and Foivos Ioannis {Michelinakis} and Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@article { CommMag2022,
	title = {Secure Embedded Living: Towards a Self-contained User Data Preserving Framework},
	journal = {IEEE Communications Magazine},
	volume = {60},
	year = {2022},
	month = {11/2022},
	pages = {74{\textendash}80},
	publisher = { IEEE},
	abstract = {Smart living represents the hardware-software co-inhabiting with humans for better living standards and improved well-being. Here, hardware monitors human activities (by collecting data) specific to a context. Such data can be processed to offer context-specific valuable insights. Such insights can be used for optimising the well-being, living experience and energy cost of smart homes. This paper proposes a Secure Embedded Living Framework~(SELF) that enforces a privacy-preserving data control mechanism by integrating multiple technologies, such as Internet-of-thing, cloud/fog platform, machine learning and blockchain. The primary aim of the SELF is to allow the user to retain more control of its data.},
	keywords = {blockchain, Cloud, Data, IoTs, Security, User},
	issn = {0163-6804},
	doi = {10.1109/MCOM.001.2200165},
	author = {Mazumdar, Somnath and Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@inproceedings { PDCAT2022,
	title = {Towards a Blockchain and Fog-Based Proactive Data Distribution Framework for ICN},
	journal = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies~(PDCAT)},
	year = {2022},
	address = {Sendai/Japan},
	abstract = {Most of today{\textquoteright}s IP traffic is cloud traffic. Due to a vast, complex and non-transparent Internet infrastructure, securely accessing and delegating data is not a trivial task. Existing technologies of Information-Centric Networking (ICN) make content distribution and access easy while primarily relying on the existing cloud-based security features. The primary aim of ICN is to make data independent of its storage location and application. ICN builds upon traditional distributed computing, which means ICN platforms also can suffer from similar data security issues as distributed computing platforms. We present our ongoing work to develop a secure, proactive data distribution framework. The framework answers the research question, i.e., How to extend online data protection with a secure data distribution model for the ICN platform? Our framework adds a data protection layer over the content distribution network, using blockchain and relying on the fog to distribute the contents with low latency. Our framework is different from the existing works in multiple aspects, such as i) data are primarily distributed from the fog nodes, ii) blockchain is used to protect data and iii) blockchain allows statistical and other information sharing among stakeholders (such as content creators) following access rights. Sharing statistics about content distribution activity can bring transparency and trustworthiness among the stakeholders, including the subscribers, into the ICN platforms. We showed such a framework is possible by presenting initial performance results and our reflections while implementing it on a cloud/fog research testbed.},
	keywords = {blockchain, Data, Distribution, Fog, ICN, Protection},
	author = {Mazumdar, Somnath and Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@inproceedings { HPCC2022,
	title = {Towards a Privacy Preserving Data Flow Control via Packet Header Marking},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on High Performance Computing, Data, and Analytics~(HPCC)},
	year = {2022},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	address = {Chengdu, Sichuan/People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	abstract = {{Computing infrastructure is becoming ubiquitous thanks to the advancement in computing and the network domain. Reliable network communication is essential to offer good quality services, but it is not trivial. There are privacy concerns. Metadata may leak user information even if traffic is encrypted. Some countries have data privacy preserving-related regulations, but end-users cannot control through which path, networks, and hardware their data packets should travel. Even worse, the user cannot declare their privacy preferences. This paper presents an approach to tackle such privacy issues through data privacy-aware routing. The user can specify their preferences for packet routing using marking and filtering. Routing can work according to such specifications. It is implemented by P4, allowing a vendor-independent realisation with standard off-the-shelf hardware and open-source software components. We presented the initial experimental results of a proof-of-concept run on a unified cloud/fog research testbed.}},
	keywords = {Cloud, Data, Fog, P4, Packets, Privacy, Routing},
	author = {Mazumdar, Somnath and Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@book {27852,
	title = {AI and ML {\textendash} Enablers for Beyond 5G Networks},
	year = {2021},
	month = {05/2021},
	publisher = {5G PPP Technology Board},
	organization = {5G PPP Technology Board},
	address = {Online},
	abstract = {This white paper on AI and ML as enablers of beyond 5G (B5G) networks is based on contributions from almost 20 5G PPP projects, coordinated through the 5G PPP Technology Board, that research, implement and validate 5G and B5G network systems. The paper introduces the main relevant mechanisms in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML), currently investigated and exploited for enhancing 5G and B5G networks.},
	doi = {10.5281/zenodo.429989},
	url = {https://5g-ppp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/AI-MLforNetworks-v1-0.pdf},
	author = {Mohammed A. {Abdulkadir} and Alay, {\"O}zg{\"u} and Alexiou, Angeliki and Anastasopoulos, Markos and Antevski, Kiril and Aumayr, Erik and Ayed, Dhouha and Baranda, Jordi and Behravesh, Rasoul and Benzaid, Chafika and Bisson, Pascal and Anne-Marie Cristina {Bosneag} and Alexandros-Apostolos A. {Boulogeorgos} and Jos{\'e} Alcaraz {Calero} and Carrozzo, Gino and Claudio Ettore {Casetti} and Caso, Giuseppe and Alberto Huertas {Celdr{\'a}n} and Chergui, Hatim and Carla Fabiana {Chiasserini} and Chinchilla-Romero, Lorena and Chollon, Geoffroy and Cogalan, Tezcan and Colman-Meixner, Carlos and Conti, Andrea and Cosmas, John and Costa-Requena, Jos{\'e} and Desai, Rachana and Devoti, Francesco and Diamanti, Maria and Dreibholz, Thomas and Elmokashfi, Ahmed and Feghhi, Saman and Garcia-Saavedra, Andres and Gavras, Anastasius and Ghoraishi, Mir and Giannopoulos, Anastasios and Goodarzi, Meysam and Gramaglia, Marco and Guimar{\~a}es, Carlos and G{\"u}rkan, G{\"u}r and He, Jiguang and Hrasnica, Halid and Jimeno, Elisa and Kakkavas, Grigorios and Kaloxylos, Alexandros and Karyotis, Vasileios and Katta, Saimanoj and Katzouris, Nikos and Takai Eddine {Kennouche} and Klinkenberg, Ralf and Kokkoniemi, Joonas and Kondepu, Koteswararao and Lazarakis, Fotis and Lekidis, Alexios and Li, Xi and Lopez, Diego and Magoula, Lina and Mahmood, Kashif and Majumdar, Sayantini and Malinverno, Marco and Mangues-Bafalluy, Josep and Mart{\'\i}nez, Ricardo and Mart{\'\i}n-P{\'e}rez, Jorge and Martrat, Josep and Meunier, Ben and Mohamed, Ramy and Morselli, Flavio and ‪Juan Jos{\'e} Ramo {Mu{\~n}oz‬} and Mu{\~n}oz-Luengo, Pablo and Daniel Camps {Muri} and Murphy, Chris and Edgardo Montes {de Oca} and Papagianni, Chrysa and Papavassiliou, Symeon and Antonio Agust{\'\i}n P {Perales} and Gregorio Mart{\'\i}nez {P{\'e}rez} and Manuel Gil {P{\'e}rez} and Wint Yi {Poe} and Prados-Garzon, Jonathan and Di Renzo, Marco and Joan Pujol {Roig} and Pedro Miguel {S{\'a}nchez} and De Schepper, Koen and Shi, Lina and Skarmeta, Antonio and Spantideas, Sotirios and Gokul Krishna {Srinivasan} and Stamou, Adamantia and Subramanya, Tejas and Trakadas, Panagiotis and Tzanakaki, Anna and Valcarenghi, Luca and Jos{\'e} Mar{\'\i}a Jor {Valero} and Videv, Stefan and Wang, Qi and Wang, Yue and Xie, Min and Xu, Zhao and Yan, Shuangyi and Yaqub, Edwin and Yesilkaya, Anil and Zanzi, Lanfranco and Zemouri, Sofiane and Zeydan, Engin and Zhang, Xun and Zhou, Xueqing}
}
@inproceedings { LCN2021-RSerPool-Demo,
	title = {A Demo of Workload Offloading in Mobile Edge Computing Using the Reliable Server Pooling Framework},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 46th IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks~(LCN)},
	year = {2021},
	month = {10/2021},
	publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
	address = {Edmonton, Alberta, Canada},
	abstract = {Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) places cloud resources nearby the user, to provide support for latency-sensitive applications. Offloading workload from resource-constrained mobile devices (such as smartphones) into the cloud ecosystem is becoming increasingly popular. In this demonstration, we show how to deploy a mobile network (with OpenAirInterface and Open Source MANO), as well as to adapt the Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool) framework to efficiently manage MEC as well as multi-cloud resources to run an interactive demo application.},
	keywords = {Demonstration, Evolved Packet Core (EPC), Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), Multi-Cloud Computing, Network Function Virtualisation (NFV), Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool)},
	url = {https://www.ieeelcn.org/lcn46demos/Demo_4_1570754367.pdf},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas and Mazumdar, Somnath}
}
@misc { OSMHackfest12,
	title = {Demonstration of P4-Based In-Band Telemetry for OSM-Orchestrated 4G/5G Testbeds},
	howpublished = { OSM $\#$12 Ecosystem Day (virtual)},
	year = {2021},
	type = {Demo presentation},
	abstract = {The SimulaMet OpenAirInterface VNF provides an OpenAirInterface-based Enhanced Packet Core (EPC), with separate VDUs for HSS, MME, SPGW-C and SPGW-U. To allow for advanced in-band telemetry, we have extended this VNF to add switches with Programming Protocol-independent Packet Processors (P4) to all relevant virtual links inside the EPC. P4 allows full programability of the packet forwarding behaviour, and especially allows to extend packets with additional information for in-band telemetry. This information can be read by other P4 instances to allow for fine-granular performance data collection. In this presentation and live demonstration, we would like show the solutions chosen to efficiently use OSM for handling our extended EPC, and in particular we would like to highlight the possibilities to perform P4-based in-band telemetry to evaluate the performance of the mobile network. Finally, we would also like to show the audience a live demo of our testbed setup with telemetry collection.},
	keywords = {5G, In-Band Telemetry, Network Function Virtualisation, Open Source MANO, OpenAirInterface, P4},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas and Andr{\'e}s Felipe {Ocampo} and Fida, Mah-rukh}
}
@inproceedings { EuCNC2021,
	title = {An Exposed Closed-Loop Model for Customer-Driven Service Assurance Automation},
	journal = {2021 Joint European Conference on Networks and Communications \& 6G Summit (EuCNC/6G Summit)},
	year = {2021},
	month = {06/2021},
	pages = {419{\textendash}424},
	publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
	address = {Porto, Portugal},
	abstract = {Artificial Intelligence (AI) is widely applied in telecommunications to enable zero-touch automation in network operation and service management. Due to the high complexity, deploying advanced AI mechanisms is not always feasible inside the operator{\textquoteright}s network domains. Instead, via service exposures, it becomes possible for vertical customers to integrate their external AI solutions with the network and service management system to form a closed loop (CL) and contribute to the automation process. In this paper, we propose an exposed CL model based on service exposure and apply it to automate service assurance tasks like autoscaling in a network function virtualization (NFV) system orchestrated by ETSI Open Source MANO (OSM). A testbed is built to validate the model. It collects monitoring data from the OSM monitoring module and external monitoring tools. Vertical customers drive and customize their AI solutions to aggregate these data sets and run analytics to detect and predict anomalies prepared for scaling. Preliminary analysis demonstrates the added values of customer-driven monitoring and analysis via the exposed CL.},
	keywords = {Autonomous Management, Closed Loop, Machine learning, Monitoring, Service Exposure},
	isbn = {978-1-6654-1526-2},
	doi = {10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit51104.2021.9482533},
	author = {Xie, Min and Foivos Ioannis {Michelinakis} and Dreibholz, Thomas and Pujol-Roig, Joan and Malacarne, Sara and Majumdar, Sayantini and Wint Yi {Poe} and Elmokashfi, Ahmed}
}
@article { JE2021,
	title = {A Multi-Parameter Comprehensive Optimized Algorithm for MPTCP Networks},
	journal = {Electronics},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2021},
	month = {08/2021},
	publisher = {MDPI},
	address = {Basel/Switzerland},
	abstract = {With the increasing deployment of the Multi-Path Transmission Control Protocol (MPTCP) in heterogeneous network setups, there is a need to understand how its performance is affected in practice both by traditional factors such as round-trip time measurements, buffer predictive modelling and by calculating the impact factors of network subflows. Studies have shown that path management and packet scheduling have a large effect on overall performance and required limited resources with different congestion control parameters. Unfortunately, most of the previous studies have focused almost exclusively on the improvement of a single parameter, without a holistic view. To deal with this issue effectively, this paper puts forward a Multi-Parameter Comprehensive Optimized Algorithm (MPCOA), which can find the smaller buffer size and select the appropriate congestion control and path management algorithm on the premise of ensuring larger throughput. Experiments of three scenarios show that MPCOA can save the buffer space and subflow resources, and achieve high throughput. Meanwhile, a set of quantitative improvement results given by MPCOA is convenient for us to evaluate the quality of MPTCP network, and provide reference for our ongoing future work, like for 4G/5G, Internet of Things and Star Link networks.},
	keywords = {Buffer Size, congestion control, MPCOA, Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), Path Management},
	issn = {2079-9292},
	doi = {10.3390/electronics10161942},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/16/1942/pdf},
	author = {Chen, Min and Muhammad Waleed {Raza} and Dreibholz, Thomas and Zhou, Xing and Tan, Yuyin}
}
@article {42923,
	title = {A Multi-Perspective Study of Internet Performance during the COVID-19 Outbreak},
	journal = {Arxiv},
	year = {2021},
	publisher = {Arxiv},
	address = {Arrxiv.org},
	keywords = {COVID, Internet, network},
	doi = { https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2101.05030},
	author = {Elmokashfi, Ahmed and Arouna, Alfred and Livadariu, Ioana and Fida, Mah-rukh and Kvalbein, Amund and Anas Saeed {Al-Selwi} and Dreibholz, Thomas and Bryhni, Haakon}
}
@misc { Haikou2021-MultiPath,
	title = {NorNet at Hainan University in 2021: From Simulations to Real-World Internet Measurements for Multi-Path Transport Research {\textemdash} A Remote Presentation},
	howpublished = {Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan/People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	year = {2021},
	month = {01/2021},
	address = {Haikou, Hainan/People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	abstract = {A large fraction of the communication in the Internet is handled by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Since the first deployments of this protocol more than 30 years ago, the spectrum of applications as well as the structure of the network have developed at a fast pace. For example, today{\textquoteright}s network devices, like smartphones and laptops {\textemdash} i.e. particularly many devices in the area of mobile computing {\textemdash} frequently have an interesting property: the existence of multiple IP addresses (IPv4 and/or IPv6). The addresses may even change due to mobility. This property, denoted as multi-homing, can be utilised for multi-path transport, i.e. the simultaneous usage of multiple paths in the network to improve performance. Multi-path transport is a hot topic in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), which is the standardisation organisation for the Internet. This talk provides an overview of the work in the areas of multi-homing and multi-path transport, with focus on the area of the protocols TCP and Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) with their experimental extensions Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) and Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP). It particularly shows the sequence of research and selected results, beginning from a simple simulation model, via lab setups and small Internet scenarios, up to the large-scale, international testbed project NorNet. NorNet, and particularly its landline network part NorNet Core, is furthermore described in some detail. Based on NorNet, it is finally possible to validate simulation results in real-world, multi-homed networks, in order to provide valuable input to the ongoing IETF standardisation processes of MPTCP and CMT-SCTP. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at Hainan University in 2021.},
	keywords = {Introduction, Multi-Homing, NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Status, Testbed},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc { Haikou2021-NorNet-Tutorial,
	title = {NorNet at Hainan University in 2021: Getting Started with NorNet Core {\textemdash} A Remote Tutorial},
	howpublished = {Haikou, Hainan/People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	year = {2021},
	address = {Haikou, Hainan/People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	abstract = {This tutorial {\textemdash} presented for students at the College of Information Science and Technology (CIST) at Hainan University {\textemdash} provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed in 2021.},
	keywords = {Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, NorNet, NorNet Core, Testbed, Tutorial},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@inproceedings { M2EC2021,
	title = {Reliable Server Pooling Based Workload Offloading with Mobile Edge Computing: A Proof-of-Concept},
	journal = {Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA 2021)},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {582-593},
	publisher = { Springer},
	abstract = {In recent times, mobile broadband devices have become almost ubiquitous. However, battery-powered devices (such as smartphones), have limitations on energy consumption, computation power and storage space. Cloud computing, and in particular with the upcoming 5G networks, Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) can provide compute and storage services at the vicinity of the user (with a low communication latency). However, the complexity lies in how to simply and efficiently realise MEC services, with the auxiliary public (multi-)cloud resources? In this paper, we propose a proof-of-concept of using Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool) as a light-weight layer of managing resource pools and handling application sessions with these pools. Our approach is simple, efficient, has low overhead and is available as open-source. Here, we demonstrate the usefulness of our approach by measuring in a test setup, with a 4G testbed connected to MEC and public multi-cloud resources.},
	keywords = {5G, Evolved Packet Core (EPC), Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), Multi-Cloud Computing, Network Function Virtualisation (NFV), Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool)},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas and Mazumdar, Somnath}
}
@inproceedings { SoftCOM2020-SimulaMetEPC,
	title = {A 4G/5G Packet Core as VNF with Open Source MANO and OpenAirInterface},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 28th IEEE International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks~(SoftCOM)},
	year = {2020},
	month = {09/2020},
	publisher = { IEEE},
	address = {Hvar, Dalmacija/Croatia},
	abstract = {5G, the fifth generation of mobile broadband networks, is going to make a large range of new applications possible. However, further research is necessary, and the basic step, i.e. setting up a 4G/5G testbed infrastructure, is a complicated and error-prone task. In this abstract and poster, we introduce our open source SimulaMet EPC Virtual Network Function (VNF), as an easy way to set up a 4G/5G testbed based on Open Source MANO and OpenAirInterface. We would like to showcase how a researcher can use our VNF as part of his own research testbed setup. Therefore, the focus is particularly on the user interface details and features of the SimulaMet EPC VNF.},
	keywords = {Evolved Packet Core (EPC), Network Function Virtualisation (NFV), Open Source MANO (OSM), OpenAirInterface, Testbed, Virtual Network Function (VNF)},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@inproceedings {ANRW2020,
	title = {On the Accuracy of Country-Level IP Geolocation},
	journal = {Applied Networking Research Workshop (ANRW)},
	year = {2020},
	month = {07/2020},
	publisher = {ACM},
	address = {Madrid/Spain},
	abstract = {The proliferation of online services comprised of globally spread microservices has security and performance implications. Understanding the underlying physical paths connecting end points has become important. This paper investigates the accuracy of commonly used IP geolocation approaches in geolocating end-to-end IP paths. To this end, we perform a controlled measurement study to collect IP level paths. We find that existing databases tend to geolocate IPs that belong to networks with global presence and those move between networks erroneously. A small percentage of IP geolocation disagreement between databases results in a significant disagreement when geolocating end-to-end paths. Geolocating one week of RIPE traceroute data validates our observations.},
	keywords = {Geolocation Approaches, Geolocation Databases, IP Geolocation},
	isbn = {978-1-4503-8039-3},
	doi = {10.1145/3404868.3406664},
	author = {Livadariu, Ioana and Dreibholz, Thomas and Anas Saeed {Al-Selwi} and Bryhni, Haakon and Lysne, Olav and Bj{\o}rnstad, Steinar and Elmokashfi, Ahmed}
}
@inproceedings { EuCNC2020,
	title = {AI-Driven Closed-Loop Service Assurance with Service Exposures},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 29th IEEE European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC)},
	year = {2020},
	month = {06/2020},
	pages = {265-270},
	publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
	address = {Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik-Neretva/Croatia},
	abstract = {Artificial Intelligence (AI) is widely applied in mobile and wireless networks to enhance network operation and service management. Advanced AI mechanisms often require high level of network service exposure in order to access data from as many network elements as possible and execute the AI recommended outcomes into the networks. However, in practice, it is not always feasible to expose the network services to 3rd parties or customers with AI ambitions. Considering that service assurance (SA) is a major area to which AI is applied, this paper describes how a closed-loop SA architecture is associated with the service exposure model in the 5G networks with network slicing. Then we investigate the impact and implication of service exposure on SA. Finally, a set of experiment results are provided to demonstrate the trade-off relationship between the AI ambition and the exposure level in SA.},
	keywords = {AI, Service Assurance, Service Exposure},
	author = {Xie, Min and Pujol-Roig, Joan and Foivos Ioannis {Michelinakis} and Dreibholz, Thomas and Guerrero, Carmen and Sanchez, Adrian and Wint Yi {Poe} and Wang, Yue and Elmokashfi, Ahmed}
}
@misc { M5G-2020-Workshop,
	title = {Custom-Made Enhanced Packet Cores as Network Services for 4G/5G Testbeds managed with Open Source MANO},
	howpublished = { M5G-2020-Workshop (Online)},
	year = {2020},
	abstract = {Setting up Enhanced Packet Cores (EPC) {\textendash} like the Mosaic5G OpenAirInterface-based EPC {\textendash} for 4G/5G Testbeds is a complicated and error-prone task. Therefore, we developed the SimulaMet OpenAirInterface VNF, a complex 4-VDU VNF, which upon instantiation builds the components of the EPC from scratch from given source Git repositories. That is, based on the parametrisation, users can easily create tailor-made EPCs for their projects, particularly EPCs based on the Mosaic5G FlexRAN sources. In this presentation, we would like to shortly highlight the solutions chosen to efficiently use OSM for handling the instantiation process, performing telemetry, and debugging issues. That is, we particularly would like to present to the Mosaic5G audience some lessons learned during the ongoing development.},
	keywords = {5G, Evolved Packet Core, Network Function Virtualisation, Open Source MANO, OpenAirInterface},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc { OSMHackfest9,
	title = {Easily Setting up 4G/5G Testbeds with OpenAirInterface using OSM},
	howpublished = {OSM Hackfest, Madrid/Spain},
	year = {2020},
	publisher = {ETSI},
	address = {Madrid/Spain},
	abstract = {Setting up 4G/5G testbeds can be a highly complicated and error-prone task. In this presentation, we introduce our Open Source VNF and tool-chain for an OpenAirInterface-based EPC to be deployed with the OSM framework. Using our VNF and tool-chain as basis, it will be easily possible to create own testbeds, customise them and extend them with further functionalities.},
	keywords = {5G, Evolved Packet Core, Network Function Virtualisation, Open Source MANO, OpenAirInterface},
	url = {https://osm-download.etsi.org/ftp/osm-7.0-seven/MR8-hackfest/Ecosystem-Day/E4-5G\%20TestBeds-Simula.pdf},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@inproceedings { LCN2020-HENCSAT-Demo,
	title = {Efficient Network Coding for Satellite Applications: A Live Demo of HENCSAT and NECTOR},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 45th IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN)},
	year = {2020},
	month = {11/2020},
	publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
	address = {Sydney, New South Wales/Australia},
	abstract = {Satellite communication is available anywhere on earth, allowing connectivity to systems like Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) in very remote geographical areas. However, satellite airtime is expensive, and a reduction of the amount of transmitted data can lead to significant cost savings. The goal of the Highly-Efficient Network Coding for Satellite Applications (HENCSAT) project is to reduce such costs by using our approach Network Coding with Torrents (NECTOR). NECTOR combines network coding, Torrent-based transmission, and H.265 highly efficient video encoding. In our demonstration, we would like to showcase NECTOR in an interactive HENCSAT test bench setup.},
	keywords = {HENCSAT, Live Demo, NECTOR, Network Coding, Satellite Communications, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas and Saxena, Paresh and Skinnemoen, Harald}
}
@inproceedings { M2EC2020,
	title = {Flexible 4G/5G Testbed Setup for Mobile Edge Computing using OpenAirInterface and Open Source MANO},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Recent Advances for Multi-Clouds and Mobile Edge Computing~(M2EC) in conjunction with the 34th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications~(AINA)},
	year = {2020},
	publisher = { Springer},
	address = {Caserta, Campania/Italy},
	abstract = {Setting up a working 4G/5G mobile network development testbed can be a highly complicated and error-prone task. In this paper, we therefore introduce our open source Virtual Network Function (VNF) for an OpenAirInterface-based Evolved Packet Core (EPC) for deployment with the Open Source Management and Orchestration (Open Source MANO, OSM) framework. By using our VNF as basis, it will be easily possible to create own testbeds and extend them with further functionality, particularly {\textendash} but not limited to {\textendash} Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) setups. In a simple proof of concept, we demonstrate a basic transport protocol performance evaluation in a deployed test network.},
	keywords = {5G, Evolved Packet Core, Mobile edge computing, Network Function Virtualisation, Open Source MANO, OpenAirInterface},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@inproceedings { SoftCOM2020-HiPerConTracer,
	title = {HiPerConTracer - A Versatile Tool for IP Connectivity Tracing in Multi-Path Setups},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 28th IEEE International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM)},
	year = {2020},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	address = {Hvar, Dalmacija/Croatia},
	abstract = {Nowadays, we see a steadily increasing number of Internet devices with connections to multiple networks. For example, every smartphone provides mobile broadband and Wi-Fi connectivity. Multi-path transport protocols, like MPTCP, CMT-SCTP or Multipath-QUIC, allow for utilising all connected networks simultaneously. However, while there is a lot of research on the Transport Layer aspects of multi-path transport, there is not much work on the Network Layer perspective, yet.

In this paper, we introduce our Open Source tool HiPerConTracer (High-Performance Connectivity Tracer) for efficient, parallelised, long-term measurements of the path connectivity characteristics among multi-homed Internet systems. HiPerConTracer is now running as a permanent feature in the NorNet Core infrastructure, which is used for research on multi-homed systems, and in particular for research on multi-path transport. Based on the HiPerConTracer data collected in NorNet Core so far, we finally present some interesting results from the analysis of the inter-continental site connectivity between China and Norway in January 2020.
},
	keywords = {HiPerConTracer, Multi-Path Transport, NorNet, NorNet Core, Ping, Traceroute},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@inproceedings { LCN2020-PCDC,
	title = {Improvement and Implementation of a Multi-Path Management Algorithm Based on MPTCP},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 45th IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN)},
	year = {2020},
	month = {11/2020},
	publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
	address = {Sydney, New South Wales/Australia},
	abstract = {The core idea of Multi-Path Transmission Control Protocol (MPTCP) is to share network resources by distributing payload data transmission among multiple subflows. Then, multiple paths in the underlying network can be used to maximize the overall connection throughput. However, the concurrent transmission of not all subflows aggregation can improve network performance, because of the performance difference of each subflow. In this paper, we propose a new FullMesh algorithm based on Path Characteristic and Data Characteristic (PCDC), in which the Subflow Impact Factor (IF) is used as a subflow characteristic to predict the impact of the subflow on the overall throughput. Then, different path sets are adopted for different sizes of traffic. The PCDC algorithm is evaluated in the NorNet Core testbed, compared with the FullMesh algorithm. Our research results show that the PCDC algorithm can improve the network throughput, and reduce the overall completion time of small data streams.},
	keywords = {Data Stream Classification, MPTCP, Multi-path Management, PCDC, Subflow Impact Factor},
	author = {Chen, Min and Dreibholz, Thomas and Zhou, Xing and Yang, Xuelei}
}
@inproceedings { LCN2020-CloudRAN-Demo,
	title = {Integrating Cloud-RAN with Packet Core as VNF Using Open Source MANO and OpenAirInterface},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 45th IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks~(LCN)},
	year = {2020},
	month = {11/2020},
	publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
	address = {Sydney, New South Wales/Australia},
	abstract = {The Cloud-based Radio Access Network (Cloud-RAN) architecture and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) are key enablers to building future mobile networks in a flexible and cost-efficient way. With early deployments of the fifth generation of mobile technologies - 5G - around the world, setting up 4G/5G experimental infrastructures is necessary to optimally design 5G networks. In this demo, we present a custom small-scale 4G/5G testbed based on OpenAirInterface and Open Source MANO. The testbed integrates a Cloud-RAN based on switched Ethernet Xhaul and functional splitting, with an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) deployed as a Virtual Network Function (VNF) in a cloud infrastructure. Using Open Source MANO, this demo shows the administration and monitoring of the EPC VNF components. Moreover, as proof of concept, collection and visualization of telemetry will be shown for two smart-phones connected to the network through the Cloud-RAN.},
	keywords = {Cloud Radio Access Network (Cloud-RAN), Ethernet Xhaul, Fronthaul, Functional Splits, Network Function Virtualisation (NFV), Open Source MANO (OSM)},
	author = {Andr{\'e}s Felipe {Ocampo} and Dreibholz, Thomas and Fida, Mah-rukh and Elmokashfi, Ahmed and Bryhni, Haakon}
}
@misc { OSMHackfest10,
	title = {Managing Tailor-Made Enhanced Packet Cores for 4G/5G Testbeds in OSM with the SimulaMet OpenAirInterface VNF},
	howpublished = {OSM Hackfest (Online)},
	year = {2020},
	abstract = {The SimulaMet OpenAirInterface VNF is a complex 4-VDU VNF, allowing its users to instantiate and maintain a tailor-made Enhanced Packet Core (EPC) for 4G/5G mobile broadband testbeds. The EPC components are directly built from their sources during instantiation, allowing to use customised versions according to the users{\textquoteright} needs. A general overview has already been presented during the OSM Hackfest in March 2020. In this presentation and live demonstration, we would like to highlight the solutions chosen to efficiently use OSM for handling the instantiation process, provide telemetry, and to debug issues. That is, we particularly would like to present to the audience the lessons learned during the ongoing development. Finally, we would also like to show the audience a live demo of an OSM-managed 4G testbed setup with telemetry collection.},
	keywords = {5G, Evolved Packet Core, Network Function Virtualisation, Open Source MANO, OpenAirInterface},
	url = {http://osm-download.etsi.org/ftp/osm-8.0-eight/OSM10-hackfest/EcosystemDay/ED1\%20-\%204G-5G\%20TestBeds\%20with\%20OAI\%20and\%20OSM\%20(Simulamet).pdf},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas and Andr{\'e}s Felipe {Ocampo}}
}
@inproceedings { Infocom2020,
	title = {Resilient Hybrid SatCom and Terrestrial Networking for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 39th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM), International Workshop on Wireless Sensor, Robot and UAV Networks (WiSARN)},
	year = {2020},
	publisher = { IEEE},
	address = {Toronto, Ontario/Canada},
	abstract = {Today, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are widely used in many different scenarios including search, monitoring, inspection, and surveillance. To be able to transmit the sensor data from the UAVs to the destination reliably within tangible response times to the relevant content is crucial, especially for tactical use cases. In this paper, we propose network coded torrents (NECTOR) to leverage multiple network interfaces for resilient hybrid satellite communications (SatCom) and terrestrial networking for UAVs. NECTOR is significantly different from the state-of-the-art multipath protocols such as multipath TCP (MPTCP) as it does not require any additional packet scheduler, rate-adaptation or forward error correction. We present the design and implementation of NECTOR, and evaluate its performance compared to MPTCP. Our experimental results show that NECTOR provides goodput (up to 70\%) higher than MPTCP with 5.49 times less signaling overhead.},
	author = {Saxena, Paresh and Dreibholz, Thomas and Skinnemoen, Harald and Alay, {\"O}zg{\"u} and Vazquez-Castro, {\'A}ngeles and Ferlin, Simone and Acar, Guray}
}
@article { ComNets2020,
	title = {On the Usability of Transport Protocols other than TCP: A Home Gateway and Internet Path Traversal Study},
	journal = {Computer Networks},
	volume = {173},
	year = {2020},
	month = {05/2020},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	abstract = {Network APIs are moving towards protocol agility, where applications express their needs but not a static protocol binding, and it is up to the layer below the API to choose a suitable protocol. The IETF Transport Services (TAPS) Working Group is standardizing a protocol-independent transport API and offering guidance to implementers. Apple{\textquoteright}s recent {\textquotedblleft}Network.framework{\textquotedblright} is specifically designed to allow such late and dynamic binding of protocols. When the network stack autonomously chooses and configures a protocol, it must first test which protocols are locally available and which work end-to-end ({\textquotedblleft}protocol racing{\textquotedblright}). For this, it is important to know the set of available options, and which protocols should be tried first: Does it make sense to offer unchecked payload delivery, as with UDP-Lite? Is a UDP-based protocol like QUIC always a better choice, or should native SCTP be tried? This paper develops answers to such questions via (i) a NAT study in a local testbed, (ii) bidirectional Internet tests, (iii) a large scale Internet measurement campaign. The examined protocols are: SCTP, DCCP, UDP-Lite, UDP with a zero checksum and three different UDP encapsulations.},
	keywords = {DCCP, Internet, NAT, Protocol Testing, SCTP, UDP-Lite},
	issn = {1389-1286},
	doi = {10.1016/j.comnet.2020.107211},
	author = {Barik, Runa and Welzl, Michael and Fairhurst, Gorry and Dreibholz, Thomas and Elmokashfi, Ahmed and Gjessing, Stein}
}
@misc { Haikou2019-MELODIC-Introduction,
	title = {MELODIC at Hainan University: An Introduction to the MELODIC Project},
	howpublished = {Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan/People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	year = {2019},
	type = {Keynote Talk},
	abstract = {In former times, it was necessary to operate and maintain powerful personal computers to run applications. Nowadays, many "normal" users just use laptops, tablet PCs or smartphones. Their applications are powered by cloud systems in the background, which are operated in data centres at remote locations and being connected over the Internet. This presentation first introduces the basics of cloud computing: virtualisation, virtual machines, containers, and software as a service. A challenge of using cloud computing is to deploy services to cloud providers, in order to operate them in a cost-efficient way while providing the best application experience to the users. The vision of the Multi-Cloud Execution-Ware for Large-scale Optimised Data-Intensive Computing (MELODIC) project is to enable federated cloud computing for data-intensive applications. Furthermore, it provides the user with an easy-to-use, unified cloud environment, which hides the complexity of a multi-cloud. The second part of this presentation therefore provides an overview of the basic ideas and application use cases of MELODIC.},
	keywords = {Applications, Big Data, Cloud computing, MELODIC, OpenStack},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc { Haikou2019-MELODIC-NorNetCore,
	title = {MELODIC at Hainan University: Combining NorNet Core with MELODIC},
	howpublished = {Haikou, Hainan, People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	year = {2019},
	publisher = {Hainan University},
	type = {Invited Talk},
	abstract = {This talk gives a short overview over the possibilities of testing applications in the NorNet infrastructure. Furthermore, it presents a short overview of the ongoing work on integrating NorNet Core with the MELODIC multi-cloud infrastructure, including the NorNet Core setup at Hainan University and the Haikou College of Economics.},
	keywords = {Cloud computing, MELODIC, Multi-Homing, NorNet Core, NorNet Testbed, OpenStack},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@inproceedings { PDP2019,
	title = {Mobile Edge as Part of the Multi-Cloud Ecosystem: A Performance Study},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 27th Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing~(PDP)},
	year = {2019},
	month = {02/2019},
	pages = {59-66},
	publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
	address = {Pavia, Lombardia/Italy},
	abstract = {Cloud computing has revolutionized the way of application usage and deployment: applications run cost-effectively in remote data centers. With the increasing need for mobility and micro-services, particularly with the upcoming 5G mobile broadband networks, there is also a strong demand for mobile edge computing (MEC): applications run in small cloud systems in close proximity to the user, in order to minimize latencies. Both cloud and MEC have their advantages and disadvantages. Combining the two approaches in a unified multi-cloud, consisting of both traditional cloud services provisioned over heterogeneous cloud platforms and MEC systems, has the potential of obtaining the best out of both worlds. However, a comprehensive study is needed to evaluate the performance gains and the overheads involved for real-world cloud applications. In this paper, we introduce a baseline performance evaluation in order to identify the fallacies and pitfalls of combining multiple cloud systems and MEC into a unified MEC-multi-cloud platform. For this purpose, we analyze the basic, application-independent performance metrics of average round-trip time (RTT) and average application payload throughput in a setup consisting of two private and one public cloud systems. This baseline performance analysis confirms the feasibility of MEC-multi-cloud, and provides guidelines for designing an autonomic resource provisioning solutions, in terms of an extension proposed to our existing Melodic middleware platform for multi-cloud applications.},
	keywords = {Cloud computing, latency, Mobile edge computing, Multi-Cloud, Performance},
	isbn = {978-1-7281-1644-0},
	doi = {10.1109/PDP.2019.00017},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas and Mazumdar, Somnath and Zahid, Feroz and Taherkordi, Amirhosein and Ernst Gunnar {Gran}}
}
@misc { Haikou2019-MultiPath,
	title = {NorNet at Hainan University: From Simulations to Real-World Internet Measurements for Multi-Path Transport Research},
	howpublished = {Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan/People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	year = {2019},
	month = {04/2019},
	type = {Keynote Talk},
	abstract = {A large fraction of the communication in the Internet is handled by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Since the first deployments of this protocol more than 30 years ago, the spectrum of applications as well as the structure of the network have developed at a fast pace. For example, today{\textquoteright}s network devices, like smartphones and laptops {\textendash} i.e.\ particularly many devices in the area of mobile computing {\textendash} frequently have an interesting property: the existence of multiple IP addresses (IPv4 and/or IPv6). The addresses may even change due to mobility. This property, denoted as multi-homing, can be utilised for multi-path transport, i.e. the simultaneous usage of multiple paths in the network to improve performance. Multi-path transport is a hot topic in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), which is the standardisation organisation for the Internet. This talk provides an overview of the work in the areas of multi-homing and multi-path transport, with focus on the area of the protocols TCP and Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) with their experimental extensions Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) and Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP). It particularly shows the sequence of research and selected results, beginning from a simple simulation model, via lab setups and small Internet scenarios, up to the large-scale, international testbed project NorNet. NorNet, and particularly its landline network part NorNet Core, is furthermore described in some detail. Based on NorNet, it is finally possible to validate simulation results in real-world, multi-homed networks, in order to provide valuable input to the ongoing IETF standardisation processes of MPTCP and CMT-SCTP. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at Hainan University.},
	keywords = {Introduction, Multi-Homing, NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Status, Testbed},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc { Haikou2019-NorNet-Tutorial,
	title = {NorNet at Hainan University: Getting Started with NorNet Core},
	howpublished = {Haikou, Hainan, People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	year = {2019},
	publisher = {Hainan University},
	type = {Invited Talk},
	abstract = {This tutorial {\textendash} presented for students at the College of Information Science and Technology (CIST) at Hainan University {\textendash} provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed.},
	keywords = {Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, NorNet, NorNet Core, Testbed, Tutorial},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc { Sydney2019,
	title = {NorNet at the University of Sydney: From Simulations to Real-World Internet Measurements for Multi-Path Transport Research},
	year = {2019},
	publisher = {University of Sydney},
	address = {Sydney, New South Wales/Australia},
	abstract = {A large fraction of the communication in the Internet is handled by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Since the first deployments of this protocol more than 30 years ago, the spectrum of applications as well as the structure of the network have developed at a fast pace. For example, today{\textquoteright}s network devices, like smartphones and laptops {\textendash} i.e.\ particularly many devices in the area of mobile computing {\textendash} frequently have an interesting property: the existence of multiple IP addresses (IPv4 and/or IPv6). The addresses may even change due to mobility. This property, denoted as multi-homing, can be utilised for multi-path transport, i.e. the simultaneous usage of multiple paths in the network to improve performance. Multi-path transport is a hot topic in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), which is the standardisation organisation for the Internet.

This talk provides an overview of the work in the areas of multi-homing and multi-path transport, with focus on the area of the protocols TCP and Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) with their experimental extensions Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) and Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP). It particularly shows the sequence of research and selected results, beginning from a simple simulation model, via lab setups and small Internet scenarios, up to the large-scale, international testbed project NorNet. NorNet, and particularly its landline network part NorNet Core, is furthermore described in some detail. Based on NorNet, it is finally possible to validate simulation results in real-world, multi-homed networks, in order to provide valuable input to the ongoing IETF standardisation processes of MPTCP and CMT-SCTP. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at the University of Sydney.},
	keywords = {Introduction, Multi-Homing, NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Status, Testbed},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@inproceedings { M2EC2019-MultiCloud,
	title = {An Overview of Multi-Cloud Computing},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Recent Advances for Multi-Clouds and Mobile Edge Computing (M2EC) in conjunction with the 33rd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA)},
	year = {2019},
	note = {{ISBN} 978-3-030-15034-1},
	month = {04/2019},
	pages = {1055{\textendash}1068},
	publisher = { Springer},
	address = {Matsue, Shimane/Japan},
	abstract = {The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of cloud computing technologies, particularly with respect to multi-cloud networks. First, the basics of cloud computing concepts are discussed. Next we outline some challenges facing cloud computing, and discuss how multi-cloud systems including multi-clouds, hybrid clouds, federated clouds, and cross-clouds may be used to deal with some of these issues. Finally, multi-cloud systems may also be used in conjunction with new developing technologies such as Big Data and Machine Learning, leading to exciting innovations. These are reviewed in brief. Our goal is to provide a modern look at the state of the art in multi-cloud computing and review open issues in the field. The goal is that this paper will help the reader to understand challenges facing cloud computing, how multi-cloud computing addresses some of these issues, and inspire community excitement at the future integration of multi-cloud platforms with other novel technologies.},
	keywords = {Big Data, Cloud computing, Federated Clouds, Hybrid Cloud, Multi-Cloud},
	isbn = {978-3-030-15034-1},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-15035-8_103},
	url = {https://www.simula.no/file/m2ec2019-multicloudpdf-0/download},
	author = {Hong, Jiangshui and Dreibholz, Thomas and Joseph Adam {Schenkel} and Jiaxi Alessia {Hu}}
}
@inproceedings { M2EC2019-VideoStreaming,
	title = {A Real-Time Video Streaming System over IPv6+MPTCP Technology},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Recent Advances for Multi-Clouds and Mobile Edge Computing~(M2EC) in conjunction with the 33rd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications~(AINA)},
	year = {2019},
	month = {03/2019},
	publisher = {Springer},
	address = {Matsue, Shimane/Japan},
	abstract = {Today, a steadily increasing number of users not just passively consumes Internet content, but also creates and publishes content. Users publish text, photos and videos. With the availability of 5G high-speed, low-latency mobile broadband networks, also real-time video streaming will be possible. We believe this will become a very popular application in the coming years. But the more popular a service is, the higher the need for resilience. In this paper, we introduce our work-in-progress live video streaming platform for future mobile edge computing scenarios, which makes use of MPTCP+IPv6 to support multi-homing for resilience, and multi-path transport for load balancing. As a proof of concept, we show that the platform is (1) compatible with IPv6, (2) utilizes load balancing when possible, and (3) provides robustness by network redundancy.},
	keywords = {IPv6, Load Balancing, MPTCP, Resilience, Video Streaming Platform},
	author = {Luo, Yu and Zhou, Xing and Dreibholz, Thomas and Kuang, Hanbao}
}
@article { PEVA2019,
	title = {On the Utility of Unregulated IP DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) Usage by End Systems},
	journal = {Performance Evaluation},
	volume = {135},
	year = {2019},
	month = {08/2019},
	pages = {102036},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	abstract = {DiffServ was designed to implement service provider quality of service (QoS) policies, where routers change and react upon the DiffServ Code Point\&nbsp;(DSCP) in the IP header. However, nowadays, applications are beginning to directly set the DSCP themselves, in the hope that this will yield a more appropriate service for their respective video, audio and data streams. WebRTC is a prime example of such an application. We present measurements, for both IPv4 and IPv6, of what happens to DSCP values along Internet paths after an end system has set them without any prior agreement between a customer and a service provider. We find that the DSCP is often changed or zeroed along the path, but detrimental effects from using the DSCP are extremely rare; moreover, DSCP values sometimes remain intact (potentially having an effect on traffic) for several AS hops. This positive result motivates an analysis of the potential latency impact from such DSCP usage, for which we present the first measurement results. We find that routers at approximately 3\% of more than 100,000 links differentiate between the WebRTC DSCP values (EF, AF42 and CS1) and consistently reduce delay in comparison with probes carrying a zero value (CS0) under congestion. In contrast, routers at around 2\% of these links increase the delay by a comparable amount under congestion, uniformly for EF, AF42 and CS1.},
	keywords = {DiffServ, DiffServ Code Point, latency, QoS, WebRTC},
	issn = {0166-5316},
	doi = {10.1016/j.peva.2019.102036},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peva.2019.102036},
	author = {Barik, Runa and Welzl, Michael and Elmokashfi, Ahmed and Dreibholz, Thomas and Islam, Safiqul and Gjessing, Stein}
}
@inproceedings {26000,
	title = {Can WebRTC QoS Work? A DSCP Measurement Study},
	journal = {2018 30th International Teletraffic Congress (ITC 30)},
	year = {2018},
	month = {09/2018},
	pages = {167-175},
	publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
	address = {Vienna, Austria},
	abstract = {DiffServ was designed to implement service provider quality of service (QoS) policies, where ingress and egress routers change the DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) in the IP header. However, nowadays, applications are beginning to directly set the DSCP themselves, in the hope that this will yield a more appropriate service for their respective video, audio and data streams. WebRTC is a prime example of such an application.
As a first step towards understanding whether "WebRTC QoS works", we measured, for both IPv4 and IPv6, what happens to DSCP values along Internet paths. Our study is based on end-to-end measurements from 160 IPv4 and 65 IPv6 geographically spread controlled probe clients to 34 IPv4 and 18 IPv6 servers respectively. Clearly, when the DSCP value is changed, the net result may not be what the application desired. We find that this happens often, and conclude with recommendations on how to improve WebRTC and other applications using the DSCP.},
	keywords = {DSCP, Egress, Fling, Ingress, Measurement},
	isbn = {978-0-9883045-5-0},
	doi = {10.1109/ITC30.2018.00034},
	author = {Barik, Runa and Welzl, Michael and Elmokashfi, Ahmed and Dreibholz, Thomas and Gjessing, Stein}
}
@inproceedings {26162,
	title = {A Statistic Procedure to Find Formulae for Buffer Size in MPTCP},
	journal = {3rd IEEE Advanced Information Technology, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IAEAC)},
	year = {2018},
	month = {10/2018},
	publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
	address = {Chongqing/People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	abstract = {It has been shown that the Multi-Path Transmission Control Protocol~(MPTCP) can improve throughput, robustness and resilience of network transport. This paper seeks to discover the relationship of buffer size with throughput and congestion control algorithms, based on the statistical predictive modelling method. In spite of rapid growth of the implementations of MPTCP, the theoretical and fundamental question {\textendash}- how large the buffer size of MPTCP should be to meet the network traffic -{\textendash} remains unaddressed, although there were graphic illustrations and descriptive discussions about it.},
	keywords = {Buffer Size, Congestion Control Algorithm, Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), Statistical Predictive Modelling, Throughput},
	isbn = {978-1-5386-4509-3},
	author = {Tan, Qining and Yang, Xuelei and Zhao, Lan and Zhou, Xing and Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {25736,
	title = {Big Data Applications on Multi-Clouds: An Introduction to the MELODIC Project},
	howpublished = {Haikou, Hainan, People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	year = {2017},
	month = {12/2017},
	address = {Haikou, Hainan, People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	abstract = {{In former times, it was necessary to operate and maintain powerful personal computers to run applications. Nowadays, many "normal" users just use laptops, tablet PCs or smartphones. Their applications are powered by cloud systems in the background, which are operated in data centres at remote locations and being connected over the Internet. This presentation first introduces the basics of cloud computing: virtualisation, virtual machines, containers, and software as a service. A challenge of using cloud computing is to deploy services to cloud providers, in order to operate them in a cost-efficient way while providing the best application experience to the users. The vision of the Multi-Cloud Execution-Ware for Large-scale Optimised Data-Intensive Computing\&nbsp;(MELODIC) project is to enable federated cloud computing for data-intensive applications. Furthermore, it provides the user with an easy-to-use, unified cloud environment, which hides the complexity of a multi-cloud. The second part of this presentation therefore provides an overview of the basic ideas and application use cases of MELODIC.}},
	keywords = {Applications, Big Data, Cloud computing, MELODIC, OpenStack},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {25737,
	title = {Combining NorNet Core with MELODIC},
	howpublished = {Haikou, Hainan, People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	year = {2017},
	address = {Haikou, Hainan, People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	abstract = {This talk gives a short overview over the possibilities of testing applications in the NorNet infrastructure. Furthermore, it presents a short overview of the ongoing work on integrating NorNet Core with the MELODIC multi-cloud infrastructure, including the NorNet Core setup at Hainan University and the Haikou College of Economics.},
	keywords = {Cloud computing, MELODIC, Multi-Homing, NorNet Core, NorNet Testbed, OpenStack},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {25337,
	title = {An Experiment Tutorial for the NorNet Core Testbed at Hainan University},
	howpublished = {Haikou, Hainan, People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	year = {2017},
	address = {Haikou, Hainan, People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	abstract = {This tutorial {\textendash} presented for students at the College of Information Science and Technology (CIST) at Hainan University {\textendash} provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed.},
	keywords = {Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, NorNet, NorNet Core, Testbed, Tutorial},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {25123,
	title = {An Experiment Tutorial for the NorNet Core Testbed at the Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha},
	howpublished = {Albacete, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain},
	year = {2017},
	address = {Albacete, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain},
	abstract = {This tutorial -- presented for staff members and students at the Instituto de Investigaci{\'o}n Inform{\'a}tica de Albacete of the the Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha -- provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed.},
	keywords = {Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, NorNet, NorNet Core, Testbed, Tutorial},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {25021,
	title = {An Experiment Tutorial for the NorNet Core Testbed at the University of Sydney},
	year = {2017},
	address = {Sydney, New South Wales/Australia},
	abstract = {This tutorial -- presented for Ph.D. students at the School of Information Technologies of the University of Sydney -- provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed.},
	keywords = {Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, NorNet, NorNet Core, Testbed, Tutorial},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {25733,
	title = {An Introduction to Multi-Path Transport at Hainan University},
	howpublished = {Haikou, Hainan, People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	year = {2017},
	month = {12/2017},
	address = {Haikou, Hainan, People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	abstract = {A large fraction of the communication in the Internet is handled by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Since the first deployments of this protocol more than 30 years ago, the spectrum of applications as well as the structure of the network have developed at a fast pace. For example, today{\textquoteright}s network devices, like smartphones and laptops {\textendash} i.e. particularly many devices in the area of mobile computing {\textendash} frequently have an interesting property: the existence of multiple IP addresses (IPv4 and/or IPv6). The addresses may even change due to mobility. This property, denoted as multi-homing, can be utilised for multi-path transport, i.e. the simultaneous usage of multiple paths in the network to improve performance. Multi-path transport is a hot topic in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), which is the standardisation organisation for the Internet. This talk provides an overview of the work in the areas of multi-homing and multi-path transport, with focus on the area of the protocols TCP and Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) with their experimental extensions Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) and Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP). It particularly shows the sequence of research and selected results, beginning from a simple simulation model, via lab setups and small Internet scenarios, up to the large-scale, international testbed project NorNet. NorNet, and particularly its landline network part NorNet Core, is furthermore described in some detail. Based on NorNet, it is finally possible to validate simulation results in real-world, multi-homed networks, in order to provide valuable input to the ongoing IETF standardisation processes of MPTCP and CMT-SCTP. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at Hainan University.},
	keywords = {Introduction, Multi-Homing, NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Status, Testbed},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {25121,
	title = {Multi-Path Transport {\textendash} From Simulations to Real-World Internet Measurements},
	howpublished = {Albacete, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain},
	year = {2017},
	month = {02/2017},
	type = {Keynote},
	address = {Albacete, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain},
	abstract = {A large fraction of the communication in the Internet is handled by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Since the first deployments of this protocol more than 30 years ago, the spectrum of applications as well as the structure of the network have developed at a fast pace. For example, today{\textquoteright}s network devices, like smartphones and laptops -- i.e. particularly many devices in the area of mobile computing -- frequently have an interesting property: the existence of multiple IP addresses (IPv4 and/or IPv6). The addresses may even change due to mobility. This property, denoted as multi-homing, can be utilised for multi-path transport, i.e. the simultaneous usage of multiple paths in the network to improve performance. Multi-path transport is a hot topic in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), which is the standardisation organisation for the Internet.
This talk provides an overview of the work in the areas of multi-homing and multi-path transport, with focus on the area of the protocols TCP and Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) with their experimental extensions Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) and Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP). It particularly shows the sequence of research and selected results, beginning from a simple simulation model, via lab setups and small Internet scenarios, up to the large-scale, international testbed project NorNet. NorNet, and particularly its landline network part NorNet Core, is furthermore described in some detail. Based on NorNet, it is finally possible to validate simulation results in real-world, multi-homed networks, in order to provide valuable input to the ongoing IETF standardisation processes of MPTCP and CMT-SCTP.},
	keywords = {Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (CMT-SCTP), Internet measurements, Lab Measurements, Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), Multi-Path Transport, NorNet Core, NorNet Testbed, Simulations},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {25122,
	title = {Multi-Path Transport with OMNeT++ and the INET Framework},
	howpublished = {Albacete, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain},
	year = {2017},
	address = {Albacete, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain},
	abstract = {In order to evaluate the performance of multi-path transport protocols, a straightforward initial step is to perform simulations. OMNeT++, together with the INET Framework, provide a powerful Open Source platform for running network simulations. This talk provides an overview of simulating multi-path transport with OMNeT++ and the INET Framework. Particular focus is on the Concurrent Multipath Transfer extension for the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP). Furthermore, useful additions like the NetPerfMeter application model, the extended network auto-configurator as well as the Simulation Processing Tool-Chain (SimProcTC) are explained.},
	keywords = {CMT, CMT-SCTP, Concurrent Multipath Transfer, INET Framework, Multi-Path Transport, NetPerfMeter, OMNeT++, SCTP, SimProcTC, Stream Control Transmission Protocol},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {25735,
	title = {NEAT Tutorial at Hainan University: Getting Started with NEAT},
	howpublished = {Haikou, Hainan, People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	year = {2017},
	type = {Tutorial},
	address = {Haikou, Hainan/People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	abstract = {The goal of NEAT (A New, Evolutive API and Transport-Layer Architecture for the Internet) is to allow network "services" offered to applications {\textendash} such as reliability, low-delay communication or security {\textendash} to be dynamically tailored based on application demands, current network conditions, hardware capabilities or local policies, and also to support the integration of new network functionality in an evolutionary fashion, without applications having to be rewritten. This talk gives a practical introduction to NEAT from a developer{\textquoteright}s perspective: after an introduction to NEAT, the APIs and in particular the NEAT Sockets API are explained. This is followed by pseudo-code examples and finally running-code examples. These running-code examples particularly also show how to use NEAT in NorNet Core.},
	keywords = {Client, Examples, NEAT, NEAT Sockets API, NorNet Core, programming, Server},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@inproceedings { ANRW2017,
	title = {A NEAT Way to Browse the Web},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Applied Networking Research Workshop~(ANRW)},
	year = {2017},
	note = {Demo Presentation},
	month = {07/15/2017},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	address = {Praha/Czech Republic},
	abstract = {There is a growing concern that the Internet transport layer has become ossified in the face of emerging novel applications, and that further evolution has become very difficult. The NEAT system is a novel and evolvable transport system that decouples applications from the underlying transport layer and network services. In so doing, it facilitates dynamic transport selection. This demo shows how the NEAT system is able to dynamically select the most appropriate transport solution for the Mozilla Firefox web browser.},
	keywords = {NEAT, ossification, SCTP, tcp, Transport Selection, Transport Service},
	url = {https://irtf.org/anrw/2017/anrw17-final13.pdf},
	author = {Weinrank, Felix and Grinnemo, Karl-Johan and Bozakov, Zdravko and Brunstr{\"o}m, Anna and Dreibholz, Thomas and Hurtig, Per and Khademi, Naeem},
	editor = {T{\"u}xen, Michael}
}
@misc {25336,
	title = {NorNet at Hainan University {\textendash} An Introduction to the NorNet Testbed},
	howpublished = {Haikou, Hainan, People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	year = {2017},
	address = {Haikou, Hainan, People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	abstract = {A large fraction of the communication in the Internet is handled by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Since the first deployments of this protocol more than 30 years ago, the spectrum of applications as well as the structure of the network have developed at a fast pace. For example, today{\textquoteright}s network devices, like smartphones and laptops -- i.e.\ particularly many devices in the area of mobile computing -- frequently have an interesting property: the existence of multiple IP addresses (IPv4 and/or IPv6). The addresses may even change due to mobility. This property, denoted as multi-homing, can be utilised for multi-path transport, i.e. the simultaneous usage of multiple paths in the network to improve performance. Multi-path transport is a hot topic in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), which is the standardisation organisation for the Internet.This talk provides an overview of the work in the areas of multi-homing and multi-path transport, with focus on the area of the protocols TCP and Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) with their experimental extensions Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) and Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP). It particularly shows the sequence of research and selected results, beginning from a simple simulation model, via lab setups and small Internet scenarios, up to the large-scale, international testbed project NorNet. NorNet, and particularly its landline network part NorNet Core, is furthermore described in some detail. Based on NorNet, it is finally possible to validate simulation results in real-world, multi-homed networks, in order to provide valuable input to the ongoing IETF standardisation processes of MPTCP and CMT-SCTP. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at Hainan University.},
	keywords = {Introduction, Multi-Homing, NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Status, Testbed},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {25022,
	title = {NorNet at the University of Sydney {\textendash} An Introduction to the NorNet Core Testbed},
	year = {2017},
	address = {Sydney, New South Wales/Australia},
	abstract = {Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF.
The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections -- wired as well as wireless -- that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet{\textquoteright}s wired network part NorNet Core. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet Core testbed can be utilised for research at the University of Sydney.},
	keywords = {Introduction, Multi-Homing, NorNet, NorNet Core, Status, Testbed},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {25734,
	title = {NorNet Core Beginner Tutorial at Hainan University},
	howpublished = {Haikou, Hainan, People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	year = {2017},
	type = {Tutorial},
	address = {Haikou, Hainan, People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	abstract = {This tutorial {\textendash} presented for students at the College of Information Science and Technology\&nbsp;(CIST) at Hainan University {\textendash} provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed.},
	keywords = {Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, NorNet, NorNet Core, Testbed, Tutorial},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@inproceedings { AINA2017-PathMgt,
	title = {On the Path Management of Multi-Path TCP in Internet Scenarios based on the NorNet Testbed},
	journal = {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA)},
	year = {2017},
	month = {03/2017},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	address = {Taipei, Taiwan/People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	abstract = {With the rapid development of Internet communications, there is a growing demand to support devices being connected to multiple Internet service providers simultaneously. For example, every modern smartphone already provides at least mobile broadband (UMTS, LTE) as well as Wi-Fi interfaces. This multi-homing property can be used for resilience, but there is also an increasing interest in making use of concurrent multi-path transport. That is, multiple network paths can be utilised simultaneously, in order to improve the payload throughput for applications like big data or cloud computing. In this paper, we examine the performance of multi-path transport in real-world Internet setups, based on Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) in the NorNet testbed for multi-homed systems. However, systems in such challenging setups need proper configuration. Therefore, we particularly would like to highlight the performance impact of different path management and congestion control settings in such realistic scenarios.},
	keywords = {Configuration, congestion control, Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), Multi-Path Transport, Path Management, Resilience},
	doi = {10.1109/AINA.2017.29},
	author = {Wang, Kun and Dreibholz, Thomas and Zhou, Xing and Fu, Fa and Tan, Yuyin and Cheng, Xi and Tan, Qining},
	editor = {Takizawa, Makoto and Barolli, Leonard}
}
@inproceedings { AINA2017-BufferSize,
	title = {The Performance Impact of Buffer Sizes for Multi-Path TCP in Internet Setups},
	journal = {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA)},
	year = {2017},
	month = {03/2017},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	address = {Taipei, Taiwan/People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	abstract = {The Multi-Path Transmission Control Protocol (MPTCP) is the new concurrent multi-path transfer extension for the widely-deployed Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Of course, having multiple and possibly highly dissimilar paths for transmission is a challenge for the management of the send and receive buffers, since optimal throughput is desired with a reasonable allocation of the limited memory resources in MPTCP endpoints. This is particularly important when many MPTCP connections have to be handled simultaneously. This paper measures out the required MPTCP buffer size in the real-world Internet testbed NorNet, comparing theoretical size and real size to analyse MPTCP performance. The experiment shows that multi-path transmission can effectively increase the application payload throughput, and greatly improve the robustness of the data transmission. As an important point of this paper, we can show that appropriate buffer size settings can increase the payload throughput, while not wasting resources. This paper has certain significance for further accurately determining the optimal buffer size settings for multi-path transmission in large-scale Internet setups.},
	keywords = {Buffer Size, Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), Multi-Path Transport, Robustness, Throughput},
	doi = {10.1109/AINA.2017.26},
	author = {Zhou, Feng and Dreibholz, Thomas and Zhou, Xing and Fu, Fa and Tan, Yuyin and Gan, Quan},
	editor = {Takizawa, Makoto and Barolli, Leonard}
}
@misc {25285,
	title = {A Practical Introduction to NEAT at Hainan University},
	howpublished = {Haikou, Hainan, People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	year = {2017},
	type = {Invited Talk},
	address = {Haikou, Hainan, People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	abstract = {The goal of NEAT (A New, Evolutive API and Transport-Layer Architecture for the Internet) is to allow network "services" offered to applications {\textendash} such as reliability, low-delay communication or security {\textendash} to be dynamically tailored based on application demands, current network conditions, hardware capabilities or local policies, and also to support the integration of new network functionality in an evolutionary fashion, without applications having to be rewritten. This talk gives a practical introduction to NEAT from a developer{\textquoteright}s perspective: after an introduction to NEAT, the APIs and in particular the NEAT Sockets API are explained. This is followed by pseudo-code examples and finally running-code examples. These running-code examples particularly also show how to use NEAT in NorNet Core},
	keywords = {Client, Examples, NEAT, NEAT Sockets API, NorNet Core, programming, Server},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@inproceedings {25577,
	title = {Testing Applications with the NorNet Infrastructure},
	journal = {MELODIC Plenary Meeting 2017},
	year = {2017},
	month = {09/2017},
	publisher = {7Bulls},
	address = {Warszawa, Masovia/Poland},
	abstract = {This talk gives a short overview over the possibilities of testing applications in theNorNet infrastructure. Furthermore, it presents a short overview of the ongoing work on integrating NorNet Core with the MELODIC multi-cloud infrastructure.},
	keywords = {Cloud computing, MELODIC, Multi-Homing, NorNet Core, NorNet Testbed, OpenStack},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {24534,
	title = {An Experiment Tutorial for the NorNet Core Testbed at Hainan University},
	howpublished = {Haikou, Hainan/People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	year = {2016},
	type = {Tutorial},
	address = {Haikou, Hainan/People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	abstract = {This tutorial {\textendash} presented for students at the College of Information Science and Technology (CIST) at Hainan University {\textendash} provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed.},
	keywords = {Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, NorNet, NorNet Core, Testbed, Tutorial},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {24471,
	title = {An Experiment Tutorial for the NorNet Core Testbed at HAW Hamburg},
	year = {2016},
	month = {22/03/2016},
	address = {Hamburg/Germany},
	abstract = {This tutorial -- presented at the Hochschule f{\"u}r Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg (HAW Hamburg) -- provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed.},
	keywords = {Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, NorNet, NorNet Core, Testbed, Tutorial},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc { NICTA2016-Tutorial,
	title = {An Experiment Tutorial for the NorNet Core Testbed at NICTA},
	year = {2016},
	address = {Sydney, New South Wales/Australia},
	abstract = {This tutorial \&ndash; presented fat National Information Communications Technology Australia (NICTA) \&ndash; provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed.},
	keywords = {Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, NorNet, NorNet Core, Testbed, Tutorial},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@article {24302,
	title = {Is Multi-Path Transport Suitable for Latency Sensitive Traffic?},
	journal = {Computer Networks (COMNET)},
	volume = {105},
	year = {2016},
	month = {08/2016},
	pages = {1-21},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	abstract = {This paper assesses whether multi-path communication can help latency-sensitive applications to satisfy the requirements of their users.\&nbsp; We consider Concurrent Multi-path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-path TCP (MPTCP) and evaluate their proficiency in transporting video, gaming, and web traffic over combinations of WLAN and 3G interfaces. To ensure the validity of our evaluation, several experimental approaches were used including simulation, emulation and live experiments. When paths are symmetric in terms of capacity, delay and loss rate, we find that the experienced latency is significantly reduced, compared to using a single path. Using multiple asymmetric paths does not affect latency -- applications do not experience any increase or decrease, but might benefit from other advantages of multi-path communication. In the light of our conclusions, multi-path transport is suitable for latency-sensitive traffic and mature enough to be widely deployed.},
	keywords = {CMT-SCTP, Internet, latency, MPTCP, Multi-Path Communication, transport protocols},
	doi = {10.1016/j.comnet.2016.05.008},
	author = {Yedugundla, Kiran and Ferlin, Simone and Dreibholz, Thomas and Alay, {\"O}zg{\"u} and Kuhn, Nicolas and Hurtig, Per and Brunstr{\"o}m, Anna}
}
@misc {24535,
	title = {NorNet at Hainan University {\textendash} An Introduction to the NorNet Testbed},
	howpublished = {Haikou, Hainan/People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	year = {2016},
	type = {Invited Talk},
	address = {Haikou, Hainan/People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	abstract = {Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF. The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections {\textendash} wired as well as wireless {\textendash} that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at Hainan University.},
	keywords = {Introduction, Multi-Homing, NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Status, Testbed},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc { HAWHamburg2016-Presentation,
	title = {NorNet at HAW Hamburg {\textendash} An Introduction to the NorNet Testbed},
	howpublished = {Hamburg/Germany},
	year = {2016},
	month = {22/03/2016},
	type = {Invited talk},
	address = {Hamburg/Germany},
	abstract = {Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF. The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections \&ndash; wired as well as wireless \&ndash; that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at the Hochschule f{\"u}r Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg (HAW Hamburg)},
	keywords = {Introduction, Multi-Homing, NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Status, Testbed},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc { NICTA2016-Presentation,
	title = {NorNet at NICTA {\textendash} An Introduction to the NorNet Testbed},
	howpublished = {National Information Communications Technology Australia (NICTA)},
	year = {2016},
	type = {Invited Talk},
	address = {Sydney, New South Wales/Australia},
	abstract = {Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF. The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections \&ndash; wired as well as wireless \&ndash; that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at National Information Communications Technology Australia (NICTA)},
	keywords = {Introduction, Multi-Homing, NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Status, Testbed},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {24550,
	title = {NorNet at the Haikou College of Economics {\textendash} An Introduction to the NorNet Testbed},
	howpublished = {Guilinyang, Hainan/People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	year = {2016},
	publisher = {Haikou College of Economics},
	type = {Invited Talk},
	address = {Haikou, Hainan/People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	abstract = {Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF.
The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections -- wired as well as wireless -- that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at the Haikou College of Economics.},
	keywords = {Introduction, Multi-Homing, NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Status, Testbed},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@inproceedings { LinuxCon2016,
	title = {NorNet {\textendash} Building an Inter-Continental Internet Testbed based on Open Source Software},
	journal = {Proceedings of the LinuxCon Europe},
	year = {2016},
	month = {10/2016},
	address = {Berlin/Germany},
	abstract = {NorNet is an open, international Internet testbed platform for research on multi-homed systems. Multi-homed systems have the property of being connected to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP) simultaneously, in order to still provide connectivity in case of ISP/network failures. Basis of NorNet is Linux, together with other Open Source software. At the moment, the testbed infrastructure spreads over 21 sites on 4 continents.
NorNet makes extensive use of advanced Linux features like virtualisation, file system features, routing rules, SCTP, MPTCP, and more. The global distribution creates further challenges. Goal of this talk is therefore to provide an overview of the problems that occurred when building the testbed, as well as solutions and lessons learned from solving these challenges. The idea is to present guidelines for utilising the advanced Linux features in own projects.},
	keywords = {Linux, Multi-Path Transport, NorNet Testbed, Open Source, Resilience, Virtualisation},
	url = {http://events.linuxfoundation.org/sites/events/files/slides/LinuxCon2016-Presentation_0.pdf},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@inproceedings {24613,
	title = {NorNet {\textendash} The Internet Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Multi-Service Networks Conference (MSN, Coseners)},
	year = {2016},
	month = {07/2016},
	address = {Abingdon, Oxfordshire/United Kingdom},
	abstract = {Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF. The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections -- wired as well as wireless -- that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet.},
	keywords = {Introduction, Multi-Homing, NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Overview, Testbed},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@inproceedings {23813,
	title = {Revisiting Congestion Control for Multipath TCP with Shared Bottleneck Detection},
	journal = {IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM)},
	year = {2016},
	month = {04/2016},
	pages = {2419-2427},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	address = {San Francisco, California/U.S.A.},
	abstract = {Multipath TCP (MPTCP) enables the simultaneous usage of multiple links for bandwidth aggregation, better resource utilization and improved reliability. Its coupled congestion control intends to reap the increased bandwidth of multiple links, while avoiding to be more aggressive than regular TCP flows on every used link. We argue that this leads to a very conservative behavior when paths do not share a bottleneck. Therefore, in this paper, we first quantify the penalty of the coupled congestion control for the links that do not share a bottleneck. Then, in order to overcome this penalty, we design and implement a practical shared bottleneck detection (SBD) algorithm for MPTCP, namely MPTCP-SBD. Through extensive emulations, we show that MPTCP-SBD outperforms all currently deployed MPTCP coupled congestion controls by accurately detecting bottlenecks resulting in throughput gains of up to 30\% in the absence of shared bottlenecks while remaining fair to TCP in shared bottlenecks scenarios. We complement the emulation results with real-network experiments justifying it is safeness for deployment.},
	keywords = {congestion control, coupled congestion control, Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), shared bottleneck detection},
	isbn = {978-1-4673-9953-1},
	doi = {10.1109/INFOCOM.2016.7524599},
	author = {Ferlin, Simone and Alay, {\"O}zg{\"u} and Dreibholz, Thomas and David Andrew {Hayes} and Welzl, Michael}
}
@inproceedings {23585,
	title = {3rd International NorNet Users Workshop (NNUW-3) -- Introduction},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 3rd International NorNet Users Workshop (NNUW-3)},
	year = {2015},
	month = {08/2015},
	publisher = {Simula Research Laboratory},
	address = {Fornebu, Akershus/Norway},
	keywords = {NNUW-3, NorNet, NorNet Users Workshop},
	author = {Elmokashfi, Ahmed and Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@inproceedings {23555,
	title = {Eclipse: A New Dynamic Delay-based Congestion Control Algorithm for Background Traffic},
	journal = {18th International Conference on Network-Based Information Systems (NBiS)},
	year = {2015},
	month = {09/2015},
	abstract = {Initially, the Internet transport protocol TCP has been designed to provide a "best effort" service: it is meant to share the network resources with other users and applications. However, there is nowadays also a growing demand for transmitting big amounts of data in the background, namely background transport that uses spare capacity, but with minimal effect on other traffic. For instance, systems can proactively download content that the user/system would need in the future (e.g. update packages, video files, etc.). Efforts have therefore been made in the IETF for the sake of such a service with Low Extra Delay Background Traffic (LEDBAT) congestion control. While LEDBAT works in some cases, there are however known situations where it causes serious performance problems, particularly in combination with the ubiquitous bufferbloat for example in current broadband networks.

In this paper, we analyse the issues of LEDBAT and propose a new approach for background traffic. Inspired by an astronomical event, we have named this approach Eclipse. Unlike LEDBAT, Eclipse can dynamically adapt to the network characteristics not only to minimise the additional network delay but also to maximise the utilisation of spare network capacity. We will show the usefulness of Eclipse by simulations.},
	keywords = {Background Traffic, congestion control, Delay-based Congestion Control, Less-than-Best-Effort Service},
	author = {Adhari, Hakim},
	editor = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@inproceedings { GI2015,
	title = {Leveraging the IPv4/IPv6 Identity Duality by using Multi-Path Transport},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 18th IEEE Global Internet Symposium~(GI)},
	year = {2015},
	month = {05/2015},
	address = {Hong Kong/People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	abstract = {With the 20th anniversary of IPv6 nearing quickly, a growing number of Internet service providers (ISPs) now offer their customers both IPv6 and IPv4 connectivity. This makes multi-homing with IPv4 and IPv6 increasingly common even with just a single ISP connection. Furthermore, the growing popularity of multi-path transport, especially Multi-path TCP (MPTCP) that is the extension of the well-known Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), leads to the question of whether this identity duality can be utilized for improving application performance in addition to providing resilience. In this paper, we first investigate the AS-level congruency of IPv4 and IPv6 paths in the Internet. We find that more than 60\% of the current IPv4 and IPv6 AS-paths are non-congruent at the AS-level, which motivates us to explore how MPTCP can utilize the IPv4/IPv6 identity duality to improve data transfer performance. Our results show that MPTCP, even with a single dual-stack Internet connection, can significantly improve the end-to-end performance when the underlying paths are non-congruent. The extent of the improvement can reach up to the aggregate of the IPv4 and IPv6 bandwidth.},
	keywords = {Identity Duality, Internet Paths, IPv4, IPv6, Routing},
	author = {Livadariu, Ioana and Ferlin, Simone and Alay, {\"O}zg{\"u} and Dreibholz, Thomas and Dhamdhere, Amogh and Elmokashfi, Ahmed}
}
@inproceedings { PAMS2015-Monitoring,
	title = {Monitoring and Maintaining the Infrastructure of the NorNet Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems},
	journal = {5th International Workshop on Protocols and Applications with Multi-Homing Support~(PAMS)},
	year = {2015},
	address = {Gwangju/South Korea},
	abstract = {NorNet Core is the world\&$\#$39;s first, open, large-scale Internet testbed for multi-homed systems and applications. Particularly, it is currently used for research on topics like multi-path transport and resilience. Researchers can run experiments on distributed, programmable nodes that are distributed over various locations and providing access to multiple different Internet service providers (ISP) with different access technologies. Clearly, a key feature of this testbed is to work in the real-world Internet. That is, it is especially desired to expose experiments to real Internet behaviour like background traffic. However, for the researcher, it is necessary to actually know how paths \&ndash; being used for an experiment \&ndash; actually behave: Are the paths actually working? How are the round-trip times among sites over different ISPs, etc.. How did the behaviour change over time? To provide such information to the researchers, we have designed and developed a maintenance and monitoring infrastructure for the NorNet Core testbed. In this paper, we will first introduce this infrastructure. Furthermore, we will demonstrate its usefulness with some useful, real-world examples. Our infrastructure has now become part of the testbed, and it is therefore available for all users of NorNet Core as well.},
	keywords = {Internet Testbed, Monitoring, Multi-Homing, NorNet, Path Characteristics, Resilience},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas and Bj{\o}rgeengen, Jarle and Werme, Jonas}
}
@misc {23702,
	title = {MPTCP Experiences in the NorNet Testbed},
	year = {2015},
	address = {https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-dreibholz-mptcp-nornet-experience-01},
	abstract = {This document collects some experiences of Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) evaluations in the NorNet testbed.
},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas and Ferlin, Simone and Alay, {\"O}zg{\"u} and Elmokashfi, Ahmed and Livadariu, Ioana}
}
@misc {23553,
	title = {MPTCP Experiences in the NorNet Testbed: draft-dreibholz-mptcp-nornet-experience-01},
	howpublished = {Praha/Czech Republic},
	year = {2015},
	type = {Presentation at the 93rd IETF Meeting},
	abstract = {This presentation gives an overview of the Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) experiences from recent research in the NorNet testbed.},
	keywords = {Experiences, Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), NorNet},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@inproceedings { PAMS2015-MPTCP,
	title = {Multi-Path TCP in Real-World Setups {\textendash} An Evaluation in the NorNet Core Testbed},
	journal = {5th International Workshop on Protocols and Applications with Multi-Homing Support~(PAMS)},
	year = {2015},
	address = {Gwangju/South Korea},
	abstract = {Nowadays, cloud applications are becoming more and more popular. However, in order for such applications to work, they need a stable Internet connectivity. To avoid the Internet access becoming a single point of failure, redundancy by multi-homing -- i.e. simultaneous access to multiple Internet service providers (ISP) -- is becoming increasingly common as well. Multi-homing leads to the desire to utilise all network attachment points simultaneously, which is e.g. provided by the Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) extension for TCP. MPTCP is still under development by researchers and standardisation in the IETF. Particularly, it is necessary to evaluate MPTCP under realistic Internet conditions. NorNet Core is the world\&$\#$39;s first, large-scale Internet testbed for multi-homed systems and applications. It is therefore a useful platform for evaluating MPTCP. In this paper, we therefore present our NorNet Core extension that adds MPTCP support to the testbed. Particularly, our extension is now available to all users of NorNet Core as well, which significantly reduces the effort of MPTCP researchers to evaluate MPTCP and its improvements. In a proof of concept, we furthermore show the strengths and weaknesses of state-of-the-art MPTCP in NorNet Core, in a configuration covering 29 ISP connections at 14 sites in 5 different countries.},
	keywords = {Evaluation, Multi-Homing, Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), Multi-Path Transport, NorNet},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas and Zhou, Xing and Fa, Fu}
}
@article {23842,
	title = {NetPerfMeter: A Network Performance Metering Tool},
	journal = {Multipath TCP Blog},
	year = {2015},
	month = {09/2015},
	publisher = {Universit{\'e} catholique de Louvain},
	address = {Louvain-la-Neuve/Belgium},
	abstract = {A common problem for evaluating multiple transport protocols in a multi-platform environment is to have a test tool that is capable to run in all these environments, and \&ndash; of course \&ndash; to support all necessary protocols. Using different evaluation tools is not a good solution, since each tool may introduce its own \&ndash; and possibly incompatible \&ndash; parametrisation scheme. In order to overcome this problem, originally for the use case of evaluating the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) and compare it to the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), NetPerfMeter has been designed and developed. This blog article provides an introduction to NetPerfMeter.},
	keywords = {Multi-Path TCP~(MPTCP), Multi-Path Transfer, NetPerfMeter, Software},
	url = {http://blog.multipath-tcp.org/blog/html/2015/09/07/netperfmeter.html},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {19174,
	title = {NorNet at NICTA {\textendash} An Open, Large-Scale Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems},
	howpublished = {National Information Communications Technology Australia (NICTA)},
	year = {2015},
	address = {Sydney, New South Wales/Australia},
	abstract = {Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF. The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections {\textendash} wired as well as wireless {\textendash} that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet with a focus on its usage for research on multi-path transport. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at NICTA.},
	keywords = {Introduction, Multi-Homing, NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Status, Testbed},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {23554,
	title = {NorNet Core @ IETF Hackathon 93},
	howpublished = {Praha/Czech Republic},
	year = {2015},
	type = {Presentation at the IETF Hackathon at the 93rd IETF Meeting},
	abstract = {This presentation gives an overview of the NorNet Core testbed work at the IETF Hackathon.},
	keywords = {Hackathon, NorNet Core, NorNet Testbed},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@inproceedings {23584,
	title = {The NorNet Core Testbed: A Status Update for the NNUW-3},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 3rd International NorNet Users Workshop (NNUW-3)},
	year = {2015},
	month = {08/2015},
	publisher = {Simula Research Laboratory},
	address = {Fornebu, Akershus/Norway},
	abstract = {This talk provides an update on the NorNet Core testbed development and research for the 3rd NorNet Users Workshop (NNUW-3) in August 2015.},
	keywords = {Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, NorNet, NorNet Core, Status, Testbed},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {23660,
	title = {The NorNet Experimentation Platform for Multi-Homed Systems},
	howpublished = {Proceedings of the NORDUnet Technical Workshop (NTW)},
	year = {2015},
	type = {Invited talk},
	abstract = {Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF.
The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections -- wired as well as wireless -- that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research by the Nordic community.},
	keywords = {Introduction, Multi-Homing, NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Status, Testbed},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {23397,
	title = {The NorNet Testbed -- A Large-Scale Experiment Platform for Real-World Experiments with Multi-Homed Systems},
	howpublished = {Melbourne, Victoria/Australia},
	year = {2015},
	type = {Invited talk},
	abstract = {Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF.The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections -- wired as well as wireless -- that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at the Centre for Advanced Internet Architectures (CAIA) of Swinburne University.},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {23409,
	title = {The NorNet Testbed {\textendash} A Large-Scale Experiment Platform for Real-World Experiments with Multi-Homed Systems},
	howpublished = {National Information Communications Technology Australia (NICTA)},
	year = {2015},
	address = {Melbourne, Victoria/Australia},
	abstract = {{Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF. The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections {\textendash} wired as well as wireless {\textendash} that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at the Centre for Advanced Internet Architectures (CAIA) of Swinburne University}},
	keywords = {Introduction, Multi-Homing, NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Status, Testbed},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@inproceedings {23843,
	title = {Performance Comparison of Congestion Control Strategies for Multi-Path TCP in the NorNet Testbed},
	journal = {4th IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC)},
	year = {2015},
	month = {11/2015},
	address = {Shenzhen, Guangdong/People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	abstract = {Multi-path transport has become a hot topic in Internet protocol research with the evolution of emerging technologies, particularly with the market penetration of access terminals having multiple network interfaces (e.g.\ smartphones with LTE/UMTS and Wi-Fi interfaces). Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) is an extension of TCP that allows a connection to create several subflows for utilizing multiple network paths. Using multiple end-to-end TCP connections as subflows, MPTCP distributes data to different subflows over multiple ISPs, so as to enhance network robustness and improve throughput. This paper first presents MPTCP{\textquoteright}s architecture and multi-path congestion control algorithm concepts. Then, it examines three test scenarios in the NorNet testbed, particularly highlighting the performance difference between using uncoupled and coupled congestion controls in multi-homed, real-world Internet setups. The results show that MPTCP with coupled CCs gets more benefits than TCP and demonstrates the lower aggressiveness in comparison to MPTCP with uncoupled CCs.},
	keywords = {congestion control, Multi-Path TCP~(MPTCP), Multi-Path Transport, Performance Analysis},
	author = {Fa, Fu and Zhou, Xing and Wang, Keying and Zhou, Feng and Dreibholz, Thomas and Gan, Quan}
}
@misc {Simula.simula.2584,
	title = {On the Applicability of Reliable Server Pooling for Virtualised Network Function Resource Pooling},
	howpublished = {Proceedings of the 89th IETF Meeting},
	year = {2014},
	month = {March},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {Simula.simula.2868,
	title = {A Demonstration of the NorNet Core Research Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Demo presentation at the IEEE GLOBECOM 2014},
	month = {December},
	abstract = {This short abstract describes a demonstration proposal for the NorNet Core testbed for multi-homed systems.},
	keywords = {Conference},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas and Henrik Vest {Simonsen} and Ernst Gunnar {Gran}}
}
@inproceedings {Simula.simula.2658,
	title = {A Distributed Infrastructure to Analyse SIP Attacks in the Internet},
	journal = {Proceedings of the IFIP Networking Conference (Networking 2014)},
	year = {2014},
	month = {June},
	publisher = {IFIP},
	type = {Conference},
	abstract = {VoIP systems, based on the Session Initiation Protocol\~(SIP), are becoming more and more widespread in the Internet. However, this creates security issues and opens up new opportunities for misuse and fraud. The most widespread threat are multi-stage attacks to commit Toll Fraud. To devise effective countermeasures, it is crucial to know how attacks on these systems are performed in reality. In this paper, we introduce a novel distributed monitoring system with Sensor nodes located in Norway, Germany and China that allow to detect SIP-based attacks from the Internet. Based on experiences from experiments spanning several years, we propose a new setup which allows simple and straightforward addition of new remote observation points. We have deployed this setup in the NorNet testbed and highlight its advantages compared to a previous setup with physically distributed Sensors. We also present results from a 45 day field test with 13 observation points. These results confirm the advantages of a widely distributed monitoring setup and give some new insights into the behavior of the attackers.},
	keywords = {Conference},
	author = {Aziz, Adnan and Hoffstadt, Dirk and Dreibholz, Thomas and Erwin Paul {Rathgeb}}
}
@misc {Simula.simula.2938,
	title = {An Experiment Tutorial for the NorNet Core Testbed},
	year = {2014},
	month = {August},
	abstract = {This tutorial provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed.},
	keywords = {Workshop},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {Simula.simula.3078,
	title = {An Experiment Tutorial for the NorNet Core Testbed at Hainan University},
	year = {2014},
	month = {October},
	abstract = {This tutorial - presented for students at the College of Information Science and Technology (CIST) at Hainan University - provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed.},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@inproceedings {Simula.simula.2512,
	title = {LEDBAT-MP - on the Application of Lower-Than-Best-Effort for Concurrent Multipath Transfer},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Protocols and Applications with Multi-Homing Support (PAMS)},
	year = {2014},
	month = {May},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	type = {Workshop},
	address = {Victoria, British Columbia/Canada},
	abstract = {The Internet is based on best effort communication, i.e. it tries to deliver packets but does not provide any guarantees. A transport protocol can make use of this best effort service to provide a suitable service to its applications. Also, its congestion control is responsible for a fair distribution of the resources within the Internet. However, background data transfer applications (like file sharing or update fetching) do not require \&quot;best effort\&quot;; they in fact could use a \&quot;lower-than-best-effort\&quot; service to leave resources to more important applications if needed. For this purpose, the Low Extra Delay Background Transport (LEDBAT) algorithm has been standardized by the IETF. Nowadays, multi-homing is becoming increasingly common in modern networks and several approaches to exploit this feature (e.g. CMT-SCTP, MPTCP) have evolved that are able to combine resources of multiple paths. For background traffic oriented algorithms like LEDBAT, this feature could be of great use, too, i.e. by increasing the overall bandwidth while shifting the transmission away from paths which are used by other flows. This could be particularly useful for non-critical bulk transfers in data centers. In this paper, we introduce our approach LEDBAT for Multi-Path - denoted as LEDBAT-MP - and analyse its performance by simulations. With this paper, we want to highlight some generic design questions and start a discussion on how a solid universal background multi-path congestion control strategy should behave.},
	keywords = {Workshop},
	author = {Adhari, Hakim and Dreibholz, Thomas and Werner, Sebastian and Rathgeb, Erwin},
	editor = {IEEE, }
}
@inproceedings {Simula.simula.3048,
	title = {Measuring and Comparing Internet Path Stability in IPv4 and IPv6},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Conference on the Network of the Future (NoF)},
	year = {2014},
	month = {December},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	type = {Conference},
	address = {Paris/France},
	abstract = {In just about 4 years, IPv6 will celebrate its 20th anniversary. While the protocol itself is already quite old, its deployment has only recently picked up speed. Not so many Internet service providers offer direct IPv6 connectivity to their customers, yet. Clearly, when IPv6 is available to customers, they expect that IPv6 offers at least the same - or even better - stability of connections in comparison to IPv4. The main goal of this paper is to investigate whether this is true today. In our paper, we present up-to-date measurement results on the stability of IPv4 and IPv6 paths in the real Internet, based on machines that are distributed over a large geographical area, as part of the NorNet Core testbed infrastructure for multi-homed systems. The measurements not only cover high-speed research networks, but also consumer-grade ADSL connections - i.e. the ISP connection types of \&quot;normal\&quot; end-users - as well as a broad range of different ISPs. The measurements show that IPv6 paths are less stable than corresponding IPv4 paths. We also find that the use of load balancing is more prevalent in IPv6 than in IPv4.},
	keywords = {Conference},
	author = {Golkar, Forough and Dreibholz, Thomas and Kvalbein, Amund}
}
@inproceedings {Simula.simula.2516,
	title = {Measuring the QoS Characteristics of Operational 3G Mobile Broadband Networks},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Protocols and Applications with Multi-Homing Support (PAMS)},
	year = {2014},
	month = {May},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	type = {Workshop},
	address = {Victoria, British Columbia/Canada},
	abstract = {Today, many smart phones and tablets have multiple interfaces (i.e. WLAN and 3G). These multiple interfaces can be utilized simultaneously by a multi-path transport protocol to provide bandwidth aggregation or reliability. However, in order to design efficient multi-path scheduling and congestion control strategies, it is crucial to understand the behaviour and properties of the underlying paths first. WLAN links have already been studied extensively in the literature. Therefore, in this paper, we focus on Mobile Broadband (MBB) networks that are in use today. We utilized noun{NorNet Edge} nodes that are connected to up to five different 3G ISPs (UMTS and CDMA2000), hence, providing a realistic view on the QoS characteristics that are experienced by end-users of these MBB networks. We present QoS characteristics (e.g. bandwidth, delay and loss) and discuss our observations. Our results shed light on what a multi-path transport endpoint has to expect - and to efficiently cope with - when using today\&$\#$39;s MBB networks as transport paths.},
	keywords = {Workshop},
	author = {Ferlin, Simone and Dreibholz, Thomas and Alay, {\"O}zg{\"u} and Kvalbein, Amund}
}
@misc {Simula.simula.2970,
	title = {Multipath Transport Over Heterogeneous Networks},
	howpublished = {Proceedings of the 2nd International NorNet Users Workshop (NNUW-2)},
	year = {2014},
	month = {August},
	keywords = {Workshop},
	author = {Alay, {\"O}zg{\"u} and Ferlin, Simone and Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@inproceedings {Simula.simula.2884,
	title = {Multi-Path Transport Over Heterogeneous Wireless Networks: Does It Really Pay Off?},
	journal = {Proceedings of the IEEE GLOBECOM},
	year = {2014},
	month = {December},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	type = {Conference},
	address = {Austin, Texas/U.S.A.},
	abstract = {Multi-path transfer protocols such as Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), are becoming increasingly popular due to widespread deployment of smartphones with multi-homing support. Although the idea of using multiple interfaces simultaneously to improve application throughput is tempting, does transmission over multiple interfaces always provide benefits especially in realistic setup? In this paper, we first show that multi-path transfer might actually have a negative impact in real-world scenarios with mobile broadband and wireless LAN networks. We then introduce our Dynamic Relative Path Scoring (DRePaS) algorithm that continuously evaluates the contribution of paths to the overall performance and dynamically influences the scheduling decisions to make best use of the paths for the overall system performance. We show that DRePaS outperforms the current MPTCP implementation in terms of throughput and application delay, especially when the links are heterogeneous.},
	author = {Ferlin, Simone and Dreibholz, Thomas and Alay, {\"O}zg{\"u}}
}
@misc {23396,
	title = {NorNet {\textendash} An Open, Large-Scale Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems},
	howpublished = {Swinburne University, Centre for Advanced Internet Architectures (CAIA)},
	year = {2014},
	address = {Melbourne, Victoria/Australia},
	abstract = {Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF. The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections {\textendash} wired as well as wireless {\textendash} that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet with a focus on its usage for research on multi-path transport. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at CAIA/Swinburne University.},
	keywords = {Introduction, Multi-Homing, NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Status, Testbed},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@article {Simula.simula.2236,
	title = {NorNet Core - A Multi-Homed Research Testbed},
	journal = {Computer Networks},
	volume = {Special Issue: Future Internet Testbeds},
	number = {61},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {75-87},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	abstract = {Over the last decade, the Internet has grown at a tremendous speed in both size and complexity. Nowadays, a large number of important services - for instance e-commerce, healthcare and many others - depend on the availability of the underlying network. Clearly, service interruptions due to network problems may have a severe impact. On the long way towards the Future Internet, the complexity will grow even further. Therefore, new ideas and concepts must be evaluated thoroughly, and particularly in realistic, real-world Internet scenarios, before they can be deployed for production networks. For this purpose, various testbeds - for instance PlanetLab, GpENI or G-Lab - have been established and are intensively used for research. However, all of these testbeds lack the support for so-called multihoming. Multi-homing denotes the connection of a site to multiple Internet service providers, in order to achieve redundancy. Clearly, with the need for network availability, there is a steadily growing demand for multi-homing. The idea of the NorNet Core project is to establish a Future Internet research testbed with multi-homed sites, in order to allow researchers to perform experiments with multi-homed systems. Particular use cases for this testbed include realistic experiments in the areas of multi-path routing, load balancing, multi-path transport protocols, overlay networks and network resilience. In this paper, we introduce the NorNet Core testbed as well as its architecture.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.bjp.2013.12.035},
	author = {Ernst Gunnar {Gran} and Dreibholz, Thomas and Kvalbein, Amund}
}
@misc {Simula.simula.2936,
	title = {The NorNet Core Testbed - Introduction and Status in August 2014},
	howpublished = {Proceedings of the 2nd International NorNet Users Workshop (NNUW-2)},
	year = {2014},
	month = {August},
	abstract = {This talk provides an introduction to the NorNet Core testbed as well as a status overview on the development and deployment in August 2014.},
	keywords = {Workshop},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {Simula.simula.3008,
	title = {The NorNet Testbed - an Overview for the GENI Meeting},
	howpublished = {Invited talk at the Kungliga Tekniska h{\"o}gskolan (KTH)},
	year = {2014},
	month = {September},
	abstract = {Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g.\~cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers\~(ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g.\~malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e.\~increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g.\~be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP\~(CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP\~(MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF. The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It consists of two parts: the wired part NorNet Core as well as the wireless part NorNet Edge; both parts provide programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections. These nodes are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over the NorNet testbed and how it can be utilised for research on multi-homed systems.},
	keywords = {Workshop},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {Simula.simula.3066,
	title = {The NorNet Testbed at Hainan University - A Large-Scale Experiment Platform for Real-World Experiments with Multi-Homed Systems},
	howpublished = {Invited Talk at Hainan University, College of Information Science and Technology (CIST)},
	year = {2014},
	month = {October},
	abstract = {Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF.The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections -- wired as well as wireless -- that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at Hainan University.},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {Simula.simula.3076,
	title = {The NorNet Testbed at Qiongzhou University - A Large-Scale Experiment Platform for Real-World Experiments With Multi-Homed Systems},
	howpublished = {Invited Talk at Qiongzhou University},
	year = {2014},
	month = {October},
	abstract = {Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF. The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections - wired as well as wireless - that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at Qiongzhou University.},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {Simula.simula.3096,
	title = {The NorNet Testbed at Tsinghua University - a Large-Scale Experiment Platform for Real-World Experiments With Multi-Homed Systems},
	howpublished = {Invited Talk at Tsinghua University, Department of Computer Science},
	year = {2014},
	month = {October},
	abstract = {Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF. The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections - wired as well as wireless - that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at Tsinghua University.},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {Simula.simula.2730,
	title = {The NorNet Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems - Introduction and Status},
	howpublished = {Invited Talk at Princeton University, Department of Computer Science},
	year = {2014},
	month = {May},
	address = {Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.A.},
	abstract = {Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints to multiple Internet Service Providers\~(ISP). That is, such endpoints should remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems. Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e.\~increasing the application throughput by utilizing multiple paths simultaneously. The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the Simula Research Laboratory is building up the NorNet testbed, which is an open platform for such experiments. NorNet consists of two parts, the wireless part NorNet Edge as well as the wired part NorNet Core, providing researchers the possibility to use programmable, multi-homed nodes at different locations in Norway as well as at some international sites. This talk gives an overview over the NorNet testbed, with a special focus on the usage of the PlanetLab/Linux Containers-based software that is used to run NorNet Core.},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {Simula.simula.2740,
	title = {The NorNet Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems - Overview and Status},
	howpublished = {Invited Talk at the University of British Columbia (UBC)},
	year = {2014},
	month = {May},
	abstract = {Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF. The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections - wired as well as wireless - that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet with a focus on its usage for research on multi-path transport. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at the University of British Columbia (UBC)},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {Simula.simula.2728,
	title = {The NorNet Testbed - Overview and Selected Results From Multi-Path Transport Research},
	howpublished = {Invited Talk at the New York University (NYU), Polytechnic School of Engineering},
	year = {2014},
	month = {May},
	abstract = {Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g.\~cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers\~(ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g.\~malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e.\~increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. In order to evaluate and test mulit-homed systems, the Simula Research Laboratory is currently building up the NorNet testbed. It consists of distributed research nodes located all over the country of Norway as well as some international locations, providing researchers the possibility to run experiments in real-world, multi-homed Internet setups. In this talk, we first introduce the NorNet testbed as well as its deployment status. After that, we present some research results of the ongoing research at the Simula Research Laboratory on multi-path transport with Multi-Path TCP\~(MPTCP). Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilized for research at the New York University\~(NYU) as well.},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {Simula.simula.2582,
	title = {The Status of MPTCP Deployment and Evaluation in the NorNet Testbed},
	howpublished = {Talk at the 89th IETF Meeting},
	year = {2014},
	month = {March},
	keywords = {Conference},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@inproceedings {Simula.simula.2722,
	title = {Tackling the Challenge of Bufferbloat in Multi-Path Transport Over Heterogeneous Wireless Networks},
	journal = {Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Quality of Service (IWQoS)},
	year = {2014},
	month = {May},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	type = {Conference},
	address = {Hong Kong/People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China},
	abstract = {Today, most of the smart phones are equipped with two network interfaces: Mobile Broadband (MBB) and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). Multi-path transport protocols provide increased throughput or reliability, by utilizing these interfaces simultaneously. However, multi-path transmission over networks with very different QoS characteristics is a challenge. In this paper, we studied Multi-Path TCP\~(MPTCP) in heterogeneous networks, specifically MBB networks and WLAN. We first investigate the effect of bufferbloat in MBB on MPTCP performance. Then, we propose a bufferbloat mitigation algorithm: Multi-Path Transport Bufferbloat Mitigation (MPT-BM). Using our algorithm, we conduct experiments in real operational networks. The experimental results show that MPT-BM outperforms the current MPTCP implementation by increasing the application goodput quality and decreasing MPTCP\&$\#$39;s buffer delay, jitter and buffer space requirements.},
	author = {Ferlin, Simone and Dreibholz, Thomas and Alay, {\"O}zg{\"u}}
}
@inproceedings {Simula.simula.2000,
	title = {Alternative Transmission Strategies for Multipath Transport of Multimedia Streams Over Wireless Networks},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference on Telecommunications (ConTEL)},
	year = {2013},
	month = {June},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	type = {Conference},
	address = {Zagreb/Croatia},
	abstract = {With the strongly growing popularity of mobile devices like smartphones and tablet computers, the number of end-systems with more than one network access - like UMTS/LTE and WLAN - is also increasing. This so-called multi-homing also leads to the desire of utilising multiple network paths simultaneously, in order to improve application payload throughput. Clearly, this so-called multi-path transfer feature is also very useful for the transport of multimedia contents, particularly when a single network access alone is not fast enough to fulfil the bandwidth requirements of the application. In many cases, multimedia transport is also sensitive for delays and packet losses. However, the focus of the current multi-path transfer approaches has been on bandwidth only. In order to tackle this challenge, our paper introduces two new send strategies to map payload data to different wireless paths. Finally, by using measurements, we show that a significant performance improvement for delay and loss-sensitive applications can be achieved in comparison to the existing approaches.},
	author = {Becke, Martin and Dreibholz, Thomas},
	editor = {Bayer, Andreas and Packeiser, Markus}
}
@inproceedings {threfereedinproceedingsreference.2012-12-20.7643198512,
	title = {Design and Implementation of the NorNet Core Research Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 3nd International Workshop on Protocols and Applications with Multi-Homing Support (PAMS)},
	year = {2013},
	month = {03/2013},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	type = {Conference},
	address = {Barcelona, Catalonia/Spain},
	abstract = {The Internet has made it possible to communicate and to use services over large geographical distances. While it has originally been built for less critical services like e-mail and file transfer, it is nowadays also increasingly often used for availability-critical services like e.g. e-commerce or healthcare. Clearly, the reachability of such services must be ensured by so-called multi-homing of endpoints. That is, endpoints are simultaneously connected to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP) to provide redundancy. If one ISP has problems, it is intended that the connection to another one still works. However, such assumptions have never been verified in real, large-scale setups. The intention of the NorNet project is to build up a realistic Internet testbed for multi-homing. In this paper, we describe the design of NorNet with focus on the implementation of its fixed-line part: NorNet Core. This paper is intended to give researchers an overview of its mode of operation, its capabilities as well as its interesting feature realisations. The knowledge about these items is very useful to plan own experiments in the NorNet testbed.},
	keywords = {Workshop},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas and Ernst Gunnar {Gran}}
}
@misc {Simula.simula.1950,
	title = {An Introduction to NorNet for the Site Deployment at H{\o}gskolen I Narvik},
	howpublished = {	  Invited Talk at H{\o}gskolen i Narvik},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Invited Talk at H{\o}gskolen i Narvik},
	month = {March},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {Simula.simula.2130,
	title = {The NorNet Core Testbed {\textendash} An Experiment Tutorial},
	year = {2013},
	month = {September},
	keywords = {Workshop},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {Simula.simula.2124,
	title = {The NorNet Core Testbed - Introduction and Status},
	howpublished = {Proceedings of the 1st NorNet Users Workshop (NNUW-1)},
	year = {2013},
	month = {September},
	keywords = {Workshop},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@inproceedings {Simula.simula.1968,
	title = {The NorNet Project: A Research Platform for Robust and Secure Networks},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 7. Essener Workshop "Neue Herausforderungen in der Netzsicherheit" (EWNS 2013)},
	year = {2013},
	month = {04/2013},
	publisher = {University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Experimental Mathematics},
	type = {Workshop},
	address = {Essen/Germany},
	abstract = {This talk gives an overview of the NorNet project, the new Internet testbed for multi-homed systems, and its research objectives.},
	keywords = {Workshop},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {Simula.simula.2056,
	title = {The NorNet Project - a Research Testbed for Multi-Path Transport},
	howpublished = {Invited Talk at Technische Universit{\"a}t Berlin},
	year = {2013},
	month = {August},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {Simula.simula.1974,
	title = {The NorNet Project - an Introduction to NorNet for the Site Deployment at NTNU Trondheim},
	year = {2013},
	month = {April},
	abstract = {Invited talk at NTNU Trondheim.},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {Simula.simula.2046,
	title = {The NorNet Research Testbed},
	howpublished = {Short presentation at the CHANGE Bootcamp workshop in Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Short presentation at the CHANGE Bootcamp workshop in Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium},
	month = {July},
	keywords = {Workshop},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas and Ferlin, Simone}
}
@misc {miscreference.2013-07-30.66541790h06,
	title = {The NorNet Testbed: a Platform for Evaluating Multi-Path Transport in the Real-World Internet},
	howpublished = {Talk at the 87th IETF Meeting},
	year = {2013},
	month = {July},
	keywords = {Conference},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {Simula.simula.1948,
	title = {An Overview of NorNet Core},
	howpublished = {Invited Talk at the Geilo Seminar 2013},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Invited Talk at the Geilo Seminar 2013},
	month = {March},
	keywords = {Internal Seminar, University of Oslo},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {Simula.simula.1984,
	title = {An Overview of the NorNet Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems},
	howpublished = {Invited talk at H{\o}gskolen i Oslo og Akershus},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Invited talk at H{\o}gskolen i Oslo og Akershus},
	month = {April},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@book { Dre2012,
	title = {Evaluation and Optimisation of Multi-Path Transport using the Stream Control Transmission Protocol},
	year = {2012},
	month = {2012},
	publisher = {University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Economics, Institute for Computer Science and Business Information Systems},
	organization = {University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Economics, Institute for Computer Science and Business Information Systems},
	address = {Essen/Germany},
	abstract = {The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) as defined in RFC 4960 is an advanced Transport Layer protocol that provides support for multi-homing. That is, SCTP endpoints may simultaneously use multiple Network Layer addresses, which allows to connect the endpoints to multiple networks for redundancy purposes. However, for the transfer of user data, only one of the possible paths is currently used at a time. All other paths remain as backup and are only used for retransmissions. Clearly, the existence of multiple paths has led to the idea of applying load sharing among the paths. An extension to SCTP \&ndash; denoted as Concurrent Multipath Transfer (CMT) \&ndash; realises this load sharing functionality. While this approach works well for similar paths, i.e. paths having similar characteristics regarding bandwidths, bit error rates and delays, the use of dissimilar paths does not work that neatly. In this thesis, the issues of dissimilar paths for CMT-based load sharing will be demonstrated first. The reasons for these issues will be identified and solutions proposed. These solutions will be evaluated in simulations, as well as partially also in a real-world Internet testbed setup, in order to show their effectiveness. In particular, it will be shown that a combination of multiple mechanisms is necessary to make CMT work as expected under a wide range of network and system parameters. Furthermore, the fairness of CMT-based transport \&ndash; in concurrency to classic non-CMT flows \&ndash; will be analysed. The usage of plain CMT leads to an overly aggressive bandwidth occupation on so-called shared bottlenecks. As a countermeasure, the idea of Resource Pooling will be utilised. For this purpose, two new and one adapted congestion control approach \&ndash; all based on the Resource Pooling principle \&ndash; will be introduced and examined in similar as well as dissimilar path setups, in order to show how to fairly deploy CMT transport in the Internet. The results of this work have also been contributed to the ongoing IETF standardisation process of SCTP and its extensions.},
	keywords = {Dissimilar Paths, Evaluation, Fairness, Multi-Path Transport, Optimisation, Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)},
	url = {https://duepublico.uni-duisburg-essen.de/servlets/DerivateServlet/Derivate-29737/Dre2012_final.pdf},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {Simula.simula.1626,
	title = {An Introduction to NorNet Core for the Site Deployment at Universitetet I Stavanger},
	howpublished = {Universitetet i Stavanger},
	year = {2012},
	month = {November},
	abstract = {This invited talk at Universitetet i Stavanger gives an overview of the NorNet project, with particular focus on NorNet Core. It has been presented as part of the NorNet Core deployment visit.},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@misc {Simula.simula.1580,
	title = {The NorNet Project - A Research Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems},
	howpublished = {Karlstads Universitet},
	year = {2012},
	month = {11},
	abstract = {This invited talk at Karlstads Universitet gives an overview of the NorNet project.},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@book { Dre2006,
	title = {Reliable Server Pooling {\textendash} Evaluation, Optimization and Extension of a Novel IETF Architecture},
	year = {2007},
	month = {03/2007},
	publisher = {University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Economics, Institute for Computer Science and Business Information Systems},
	organization = {University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Economics, Institute for Computer Science and Business Information Systems},
	address = {Essen/Germany},
	abstract = {The Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool) architecture currently under standardization by the IETF RSerPool Working Group is an overlay network framework to provide server replication and session failover capabilities to applications using it. These functionalities as such are not new, but their combination into one generic, application-independent framework is. Initial goal of this thesis is to gain insight into the complex RSerPool mechanisms by performing experimental and simulative proof-of-concept tests. The further goals are to systematically validate the RSerPool architecture and its protocols, provide improvements and optimizations where necessary and propose extensions if useful. Based on these evaluations, recommendations to implementers and users of RSerPool should be provided, giving guidelines for the tuning of system parameters and the appropriate configuration of application scenarios. In particular, it is also a goal to transfer insights, optimizations and extensions of the RSerPool protocols from simulation to reality and also to bring the achievements from research into application by supporting and contributing relevant results to the IETF{\textquoteright}s ongoing RSerPool standardization process. To achieve the described goals, a prototype implementation as well as a simulation model are designed and realized at first. Using a generic application model and appropriate performance metrics, the performance of RSerPool systems in failure-free and server failure scenarios is systematically evaluated in order to identify critical parameter ranges and problematic protocol behaviour. Improvements developed as result of these performance analyses are evaluated and finally contributed into the standardization process of RSerPool.},
	keywords = {Evaluation, Extension, Optimization, Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool)},
	url = {https://duepublico.uni-duisburg-essen.de/servlets/DerivateServlet/Derivate-16326/Dre2006_final.pdf},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
@book { Dre2001,
	title = {Management of Layered Variable Bitrate Multimedia Streams over DiffServ with Apriori Knowledge},
	year = {2001},
	publisher = {University of Bonn, Institute for Computer Science},
	organization = {University of Bonn, Institute for Computer Science},
	address = {Bonn/Germany},
	abstract = {The Internet is developing with a very high speed. Just a few years ago, its main applications were file transfer and e-mail access, all based on the best effort TCP/IP service over quite slow links. With the quickly growing deployment of high-speed Internet accesses, there is a growing demand for also using the Internet in application scenarios like real-time multimedia streaming, particularly for audio and video on demand services. However, such multimedia applications do not only require sufficient bandwidth. They have stricter quality of service demands, like e.g. an upper bound on the transfer delay to ensure interactivity for their users. In the context of this thesis, a system for the cost-efficient transfer of variable bitrate multimedia streams over Differentiated Services (DiffServ) is presented and evaluated. This system supports layered transmission, i.e. streams may be partitioned into sub-streams denoted as layers (e.g. a video layer and an audio layer). Distinct layers may have different priorities as well as quality of service requirements and may therefore use different DiffServ classes for data transmission. Also, the streams may be scalable, i.e. the quality of the transferred media may be decreased in order to reduce the bandwidth requirements when bandwidth becomes scarce. Particularly, the system makes use of the fact that media files in e.g. a video on demand library can be analyzed a priorily. The information that is computed during the offline analysis is used to realize a dynamic and cost-efficient transport of layer data over different DiffServ classes. Furthermore, the system applies an adaptive buffering to smooth the flows {\textendash} in order to save bandwidth {\textendash} while also taking care of the delay constraints.},
	keywords = {A Priori Knowledge, DiffServ, Layered Transmission, Multimedia, Quality of Service},
	url = {https://duepublico.uni-duisburg-essen.de/servlets/DerivateServlet/Derivate-29936/Dre2001.pdf},
	author = {Dreibholz, Thomas}
}
