@article {naseer2020:mode,
	title = {Mode Inference using enhanced Segmentation and Pre-processing on raw Global Positioning System data},
	journal = {Measurement and Control},
	volume = {53},
	year = {2020},
	month = {08/2020},
	pages = {1144 - 1158},
	publisher = {SAGE journals},
	abstract = {Many applications use the Global Positioning System data that provide rich context information for multiple purposes. Easier availability and access of Global Positioning System data can facilitate various mobile applications, and one of such applications is to infer the mobility of a user. Most existing works for inferring users{\textquoteright} transportation modes need the combination of Global Positioning System data and other types of data such as accelerometer and Global System for Mobile Communications. However, the dependency of the applications to use data sources other than the Global Positioning System makes the use of applications difficult if the peer data source is not available. In this paper, we introduce a new generic framework for the inference of transportation mode by only using the Global Positioning System data. Our contribution is threefold. First, we propose a new method for Global Positioning System trajectory data preprocessing using the grid probability distribution function. Second, we introduce an algorithm for the change point{\textendash}based trajectory segmentation, to more effectively identify the single-mode segments from Global Positioning System trajectories. Third, we introduce new statistical-based topographic features that are more discriminative for transportation mode detection. Through extensive evaluation on the large trajectory data GeoLife, our approach shows significant performance improvement in terms of accuracy over state-of-the-art baseline models.},
	keywords = {classification, global positioning system trajectory, Machine learning, statistical analysis, transportation mode},
	issn = {0020-2940},
	doi = {10.1177/0020294020918324},
	url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0020294020918324},
	author = {Nawaz, Asif and Zhiqiu, Huang and Senzhang, Wang and Hussain, Yasir and Naseer, Amara and Izhar, Muhammad and Khan, Zaheer},
	editor = {Onder, Mehmet}
}
