@inproceedings {42734,
	title = {Network Path Integrity Verification using Deterministic Delay Measurements},
	journal = {TMA Conference 2022},
	year = {2022},
	publisher = {IEEE/IFIP},
	abstract = {With the intuition that every device on the data path contributes to the end-to-end delay, we propose a simple and deterministic measurement-based approach for detecting the insertion of a layer-2 switch on the data path of a network operator.\&nbsp;For this purpose, we use commodity hardware and the standard ping tool for collecting ICMP RTTs.\&nbsp;To minimise inaccuracies in the measurements, we increase timing determinism on both ICMP source and target by using a real-time kernel on both, a dedicated source (a Linux server) and target (an RPI4 with custom image). Additionally, we manipulate real-time attributes for prioritising the ping process. By using this approach on different loaded networks: lab, campus network,\&nbsp; research and education network and an ISP, we are able to reliably detect that a switch was added at the end of the path or within it.Our method yields an excellent performance on\&nbsp; networks with considerable cross traffic as well as lightly loaded networks.\&nbsp;},
	keywords = {alien switch, deterministic RTT, network},
	isbn = {978-3-903176-47-8},
	author = {Arouna, Alfred and Bj{\o}rnstad, Steinar and S. J. {Ryan} and Dreibholz, Thomas and Sobia, Rind and Elmokashfi, Ahmed}
}
@article {42923,
	title = {A Multi-Perspective Study of Internet Performance during the COVID-19 Outbreak},
	journal = {Arxiv},
	year = {2021},
	publisher = {Arxiv},
	address = {Arrxiv.org},
	keywords = {COVID, Internet, network},
	doi = { https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2101.05030},
	author = {Elmokashfi, Ahmed and Arouna, Alfred and Livadariu, Ioana and Fida, Mah-rukh and Kvalbein, Amund and Anas Saeed {Al-Selwi} and Dreibholz, Thomas and Bryhni, Haakon}
}
@misc {24123,
	title = { Reducing Latency for Linux Transport},
	howpublished = {Linux Conference Europe 2015},
	year = {2015},
	publisher = {Linux Foundation},
	type = {Technical presentation},
	address = {San Fransico, Ca, US},
	abstract = {Linux networking, and especially Linux TCP has seen a lot of development recently. In the Reducing Internet Transport Latency (RITE) EU project, one of the goals is to develop networking technology that enables lower latency transport available to the public and industry, and Linux is at the centre of this focus. Prototypes implemented in the Linux kernel includes keeping the congestion window appropriately open for bursty traffic (newCWV) [1], Faster retransmissions for application limited flows (RTO restart and TLP restart) [2], Redundant bundling to avoid retransmissions for thin streams [3] and bringing hybrid delay-based congestion control to the Linux kernel for less queue buildup in bottlenecks [4]. Our talk will present these latency enhancements in the Kernel.[1] http://bit.ly/1KVKeyb[2] http://bit.ly/1FkmGvL[3] http://bit.ly/1ejYIvC[4] http://bit.ly/1HOwZhU},
	keywords = {latency, Linux, network, Transport},
	url = {http://sched.co/3xWk},
	author = {Petlund, Andreas and Hurtig, Per}
}
@article {19168,
	title = {Reducing Internet Latency: A Survey of Techniques and their Merits},
	journal = {IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2014},
	month = {10/2016},
	pages = {2149{\textendash}2196},
	publisher = {IEEE Communications Society},
	abstract = {Latency is increasingly becoming a performance bottleneck for Internet Protocol (IP) networks, but historically networks have been designed with aims of maximizing throughput and utilization. This article offers a broad survey of techniques aimed at tackling latency in the literature up to August 2014, and their merits. A goal of this work is to be able to quantify and compare the merits of the different Internet latency reducing techniques, contrasting their gains in delay reduction versus the pain required to implement and deploy them. We found that classifying techniques according to the sources of delay they alleviate provided the best insight into the following issues: 1) the structural arrangement of a network, such as placement of servers and suboptimal routes, can contribute significantly to latency; 2) each interaction between communicating endpoints adds a Round Trip Time (RTT) to latency, especially significant for short flows; 3) in addition to base propagation delay, several sources of delay accumulate along transmission paths, today intermittently dominated by queuing delays; 4) it takes time to sense and use available capacity, with overuse inflicting latency on other flows sharing the capacity; and 5) within end systems delay sources include operating system buffering, head-of-line blocking, and hardware interaction. No single source of delay dominates in all cases, and many of these sources are spasmodic and highly variable. Solutions addressing these sources often both reduce the overall latency and make it more predictable.},
	keywords = {Internet, latency, network},
	issn = {1553-877X},
	doi = {10.1109/COMST.2014.2375213},
	url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?reload=true\&arnumber=6967689},
	author = {Briscoe, Bob and Brunstr{\"o}m, Anna and Petlund, Andreas and David Andrew {Hayes} and Ros, David and Tsang, Ing-Jyh and Gjessing, Stein and Fairhurst, Gorry and Griwodz, Carsten and Welzl, Michael}
}
@misc {23483,
	title = {Reducing Internet Latency: The Long-term Challenge of Making the Internet Faster},
	howpublished = {Blog Post},
	year = {2014},
	month = {11/2014},
	publisher = {Internet Society},
	address = {Tech Matters blog},
	keywords = {Internet, latency, network},
	url = {http://www.internetsociety.org/blog/tech-matters/2014/11/reducing-internet-latency-long-term-challenge-making-internet-faster},
	author = {Petlund, Andreas}
}
@inproceedings {24124,
	title = {On the Treatment of Application-Limited Streams},
	journal = {Workshop on Reducing Internet Latency},
	year = {2013},
	month = {09/2013},
	publisher = {Internet Society},
	address = {Reston, VA, US},
	keywords = {latency, network, thin streams, Transport},
	url = {http://www.internetsociety.org/latency2013},
	author = {Petlund, Andreas and Brunstr{\"o}m, Anna and Markussen, Jonas and Fuchs, Markus}
}
