@article {27603,
	title = {Dissecting Energy Consumption of NB-IoT Devices Empirically},
	journal = {IEEE Internet of Things Journal},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2020},
	month = {08/2020},
	pages = {1224 - 1242},
	publisher = { IEEE},
	abstract = {3GPP has recently introduced NB-IoT, a new mobile communication standard offering a robust and energy efficient connectivity option to the rapidly expanding market of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. To unleash its full potential, end-devices are expected to work in a plug and play fashion, with zero or minimal configuration of parameters, still exhibiting excellent energy efficiency. We performed the most comprehensive set of empirical measurements with commercial IoT devices and different operators to date, quantifying the impact of several parameters to energy consumption. Our findings prove that parameters{\textquoteright} settings does impact energy consumption, so proper configuration is necessary. We shed light on this aspect by first illustrating how the nominal standard operational modes map into real current consumption patterns of NB-IoT devices. Further, we investigated which device-reported metadata metrics better reflected performance and implemented an algorithm to automatically identify device state in current time series logs. We worked with two major western European operators to provide a measurement-driven analysis of the energy consumption and network performance of two popular NB-IoT boards under different parameter configurations. We observed that energy consumption is mostly affected by the paging interval in Connected state, set by the base station. However, not all operators correctly implement such settings. Furthermore, under the default configuration, energy consumption in not strongly affected by packet size nor by signal quality, unless it is extremely bad. Our observations indicate that simple modifications to the default parameters{\textquoteright} settings can yield great energy savings.},
	keywords = {energy consumption, Internet of things, LTE, NB-IoT},
	issn = {2327-4662},
	doi = {10.1109/JIOT.2020.3013949},
	author = {Foivos Ioannis {Michelinakis} and Anas Saeed {Al-Selwi} and Capuzzo, Martina and Zanella, Andrea and Mahmood, Kashif and Elmokashfi, Ahmed}
}
@inproceedings {23591,
	title = {Cellular Network Measurements: A Study of Four Swedish HSDPA+ and LTE Networks},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 3rd International NorNet Users Workshop (NNUW-3)},
	year = {2015},
	month = {08/2015},
	publisher = {Simula Research Laboratory},
	address = {Fornebu, Akershus/Norway},
	keywords = {HSDPA+, LTE, Measurements, Mobile Broadband, Testbed},
	author = {Brunstr{\"o}m, Anna},
	editor = {Garcia, Johan and Alfredsson, Stefan}
}
@inproceedings {23594,
	title = {FLEX {\textendash} Fire LTE Testbeds for Open Experimentation},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 3rd International NorNet Users Workshop (NNUW-3)},
	year = {2015},
	month = {08/2015},
	publisher = {Simula Research Laboratory},
	address = {Fornebu, Akershus/Norway},
	keywords = {Experiments, FIRE, FLEX, LTE, Measurements, Testbed},
	author = {Giatsios, Dimitrios}
}
@inproceedings {crowd_vtc,
	title = {Tackling the Increased Density of 5G Networks: The CROWD Approach},
	journal = {Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), 2015 IEEE 81st},
	year = {2015},
	month = {05/2015},
	pages = {1-5},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	keywords = {5G mobile communication, 5G networks, access protocols, backhaul configuration, Base stations, Computer architecture, connectivity management, CROWD approach, DenseNets, energy efficiency, flexible networks, high wireless network densification, high wireless network heterogeneity, increase density, increase user demand, Interference, Long Term Evolution, LTE, MAC enhancements, mobile data traffic, Mobile nodes, radiofrequency interference, telecommunication network management, telecommunication traffic, Throughput, Wireless communication},
	doi = {10.1109/VTCSpring.2015.7146122},
	author = {Maria Isabel {Sanchez} and Asadi, A. and Draxler, M. and Gupta, R. and Mancuso, Vincenzo and Morelli, A. and De La Oliva, Antonio and Sciancalepore, V.}
}
